Sunday, May 11, 2025

Bengali Meaning of The Bet by Anton Chekhov

English: IT WAS a dark autumn night.

Bengali: এটি ছিল একটি অন্ধকার শরৎ রাত।

English: The old banker was walking up and down his study and remembering how, fifteen years before, he had given a party one autumn evening.

Bengali: বৃদ্ধ ব্যাংকার তার অধ্যয়ন কক্ষে পায়চারি করছিলেন এবং স্মরণ করছিলেন কিভাবে পনেরো বছর আগে এক শরৎ সন্ধ্যায় তিনি একটি পার্টি দিয়েছিলেন।

English: There had been many clever men there, and there had been interesting conversations.


Bengali: সেখানে অনেক বুদ্ধিমান ব্যক্তি উপস্থিত ছিলেন, এবং আকর্ষণীয় আলোচনা হয়েছিল।

English: Among other things they had talked of capital punishment.

Bengali: অন্যান্য বিষয়ের মধ্যে তারা মৃত্যুদণ্ড সম্পর্কে আলোচনা করেছিলেন।

English: The majority of the guests, among whom were many journalists and intellectual men, disapproved of the death penalty.

Bengali: অতিথিদের মধ্যে যারা ছিলেন, তাদের বেশিরভাগই—যাদের মধ্যে অনেক সাংবাদিক এবং বুদ্ধিজীবী ছিলেন—মৃত্যুদণ্ডকে সমর্থন করেননি।

English: They considered that form of punishment out of date, immoral, and unsuitable for Christian States.

Bengali: তারা এই ধরনের শাস্তিকে সেকেলে, অনৈতিক এবং খ্রিস্টান রাষ্ট্রগুলোর জন্য অনুপযুক্ত বলে মনে করতেন।

English: In the opinion of some of them the death penalty ought to be replaced everywhere by imprisonment for life.

Bengali: তাদের মধ্যে কিছুজনের মতে, মৃত্যুদণ্ডের পরিবর্তে সর্বত্র আজীবন কারাদণ্ড কার্যকর করা উচিত।

English: “I don’t agree with you,” said their host the banker.

Bengali: "আমি তোমাদের সঙ্গে একমত নই," বললেন তাদের স্বাগতিক, ব্যাংকার।

English: “I have not tried either the death penalty or imprisonment for life, but if one may judge a priori, the death penalty is more moral and more humane than imprisonment for life.

Bengali: "আমি মৃত্যুদণ্ড বা আজীবন কারাদণ্ডের কোনোটাই অভিজ্ঞতা করিনি, কিন্তু যদি অগ্রিম বিচার করা যায়, তবে মৃত্যুদণ্ড নৈতিকভাবে আরও গ্রহণযোগ্য এবং আজীবন কারাবাসের চেয়ে বেশি মানবিক।

English: Capital punishment kills a man at once, but lifelong imprisonment kills him slowly.

Bengali: মৃত্যুদণ্ড একজন মানুষকে তৎক্ষণাৎ মেরে ফেলে, কিন্তু আজীবন কারাদণ্ড তাকে ধীরে ধীরে মেরে ফেলে।

English: Which executioner is the more humane, he who kills you in a few minutes or he who drags the life out of you in the course of many years?”

Bengali: কোন জল্লাদ বেশি মানবিক—সে যে তোমাকে কয়েক মিনিটে মেরে ফেলে, নাকি সে যে বহু বছরের মধ্যে তোমার জীবনটাকে টেনে নিয়ে যায়?"

English: “Both are equally immoral,” observed one of the guests, “for they both have the same object—to take away life.

Bengali: "উভয়ই সমানভাবে অনৈতিক," মন্তব্য করলেন একজন অতিথি, "কারণ উভয়ের উদ্দেশ্য একই—জীবন কেড়ে নেওয়া।

English: The State is not God. It has not the right to take away what it cannot restore when it wants to.”

Bengali: "রাষ্ট্র ঈশ্বর নয়। এটি এমন কিছু কেড়ে নেওয়ার অধিকার রাখে না যা এটি ইচ্ছামতো ফিরিয়ে দিতে পারে না।"

English: Among the guests was a young lawyer, a young man of five-and-twenty.

Bengali: অতিথিদের মধ্যে একজন তরুণ আইনজীবীও ছিলেন, যার বয়স ছিল পঁচিশ বছর।

English: When he was asked his opinion, he said:

Bengali: যখন তার মতামত জিজ্ঞাসা করা হলো, তিনি বললেন:

English: “The death sentence and the life sentence are equally immoral, but if I had to choose between the death penalty and imprisonment for life, I would certainly choose the second.

Bengali: "মৃত্যুদণ্ড এবং আজীবন কারাদণ্ড উভয়ই সমানভাবে অনৈতিক, তবে যদি আমাকে মৃত্যুদণ্ড ও আজীবন কারাবাসের মধ্যে একটি বেছে নিতে বলা হয়, আমি অবশ্যই দ্বিতীয়টি বেছে নেব।

English: To live anyhow is better than not at all.”

Bengali: যেকোনোভাবে বেঁচে থাকা, একেবারে না থাকার চেয়ে ভালো।"

English: A lively discussion arose.

Bengali: এক প্রাণবন্ত আলোচনা শুরু হলো।

English: The banker, who was younger and more nervous in those days, was suddenly carried away by excitement;

Bengali: সে সময় ব্যাংকার ছিলেন তরুণ এবং আরও বেশি উত্তেজনাপ্রবণ, হঠাৎ তিনি আবেগে ভেসে গেলেন;

English: he struck the table with his fist and shouted at the young man:

Bengali: তিনি মুষ্ঠি দিয়ে টেবিলে আঘাত করলেন এবং যুবককে উদ্দেশ্য করে চিৎকার করলেন:

English: “It’s not true! I’ll bet you two million you wouldn’t stay in solitary confinement for five years.”

Bengali: "এটি সত্য নয়! আমি তোমার সঙ্গে বাজি ধরছি দুই মিলিয়ন, তুমি পাঁচ বছর নির্জন কারাবাসে থাকতে পারবে না।"

English: “If you mean that in earnest,” said the young man, “I’ll take the bet, but I would stay not five but fifteen years.”

Bengali: "আপনি যদি এটি সত্যিই বলছেন," যুবক বলল, "তাহলে আমি এই বাজি গ্রহণ করছি, তবে আমি পাঁচ নয়, বরং পনেরো বছর থাকব।"

English: “Fifteen? Done!” cried the banker. “Gentlemen, I stake two millions!”

Bengali: "পনেরো? ঠিক আছে!" চিৎকার করে বললেন ব্যাংকার। "ভদ্রমহোদয়গণ, আমি দুই মিলিয়ন বাজি ধরলাম!"

English: “Agreed! You stake your millions and I stake my freedom!” said the young man.

Bengali: "রাজি! আপনি আপনার মিলিয়ন বাজি ধরছেন, আর আমি আমার স্বাধীনতা!" বলল যুবক।

English: And this wild, senseless bet was carried out!

Bengali: এবং এই বেপরোয়া, অর্থহীন বাজি কার্যকর করা হলো!

English: The banker, spoilt and frivolous, with millions beyond his reckoning, was delighted at the bet.

Bengali: ব্যাংকার, যিনি বিলাসী ও অবহেলাপূর্ণ স্বভাবের এবং যার কাছে কোটি কোটি টাকা ছিল, এই বাজিতে আনন্দিত হলেন।

English: At supper he made fun of the young man, and said:

Bengali: রাতের খাবারের সময় তিনি যুবককে নিয়ে হাসাহাসি করলেন এবং বললেন:

English: “Think better of it, young man, while there is still time.

Bengali: "ভালভাবে চিন্তা করো, যুবক, এখনও সময় আছে।

English: To me two millions are a trifle, but you are losing three or four of the best years of your life.

Bengali: আমার কাছে দুই মিলিয়ন তুচ্ছ ব্যাপার, কিন্তু তুমি তোমার জীবনের তিন বা চারটি সেরা বছর হারাচ্ছ।

English: I say three or four, because you won’t stay longer.

Bengali: আমি তিন বা চার বলছি, কারণ তুমি তার বেশি থাকতে পারবে না।

English: Don’t forget either, you unhappy man, that voluntary confinement is a great deal harder to bear than compulsory.

Bengali: আর এটা ভুলে যেয়ো না, তুমি দুর্ভাগা মানুষ, যে স্বেচ্ছায় কারাবাস করা বাধ্যতামূলক কারাবাসের চেয়েও কঠিন।

English: The thought that you have the right to step out in liberty at any moment will poison your whole existence in prison.

Bengali: এই ভাবনাটি যে তুমি যেকোনো মুহূর্তে বেরিয়ে আসার অধিকার রাখো, তোমার পুরো বন্দিজীবনকে বিষিয়ে দেবে।

English: I am sorry for you.”

Bengali: "আমি তোমার জন্য দুঃখিত।"

English: And now the banker, walking to and fro, remembered all this, and asked himself:

Bengali: এবং এখন ব্যাংকার পায়চারি করতে করতে সবকিছু স্মরণ করলেন এবং নিজেকে প্রশ্ন করলেন:


English: “What was the object of that bet?

Bengali: "ঐ বাজির উদ্দেশ্য কী ছিল?"

English: What is the good of that man’s losing fifteen years of his life and my throwing away two millions?

Bengali: "একজন মানুষের তার জীবনের পনেরো বছর হারানো এবং আমার দুই মিলিয়ন নষ্ট করার মানে কী?"

English: Can it prove that the death penalty is better or worse than imprisonment for life?

Bengali: "এতে কি প্রমাণ হয় যে মৃত্যুদণ্ড আজীবন কারাদণ্ডের চেয়ে ভালো বা খারাপ?"

English: No, no. It was all nonsensical and meaningless.

Bengali: "না, না। সবই ছিল অর্থহীন এবং অবাস্তব।"

English: On my part it was the caprice of a pampered man, and on his part simple greed for money.”

Bengali: "আমার দিক থেকে এটি ছিল এক অভ্যস্ত বিলাসী মানুষের খেয়ালিপনা, আর তার দিক থেকে ছিল কেবল অর্থের লোভ।"

English: Then he remembered what followed that evening.

Bengali: তারপর তিনি স্মরণ করলেন সেই সন্ধ্যার পর যা ঘটেছিল।

English: It was decided that the young man should spend the years of his captivity under the strictest supervision in one of the lodges in the banker’s garden.

Bengali: সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া হয়েছিল যে যুবক তার বন্দিজীবনের বছরগুলো ব্যাংকারের বাগানের একটি কুটিরে কঠোর নজরদারির অধীনে কাটাবে।

English: It was agreed that for fifteen years he should not be free to cross the threshold of the lodge,

Bengali: সিদ্ধান্ত হয়েছিল যে পনেরো বছর ধরে সে কুটিরের দোরগোড়া পার হতে পারবে না,

English: to see human beings, to hear the human voice, or to receive letters and newspapers.

Bengali: কাউকে দেখতে পারবে না, মানুষের কণ্ঠস্বর শুনতে পারবে না, বা কোনো চিঠি ও সংবাদপত্র গ্রহণ করতে পারবে না।

English: He was allowed to have a musical instrument and books,

Bengali: তাকে একটি বাদ্যযন্ত্র ও বই রাখার অনুমতি দেওয়া হয়েছিল,

English: and was allowed to write letters, to drink wine, and to smoke.

Bengali: এবং চিঠি লিখতে, মদ পান করতে ও ধূমপান করতে পারবে।

English: By the terms of the agreement, the only relations he could have with the outer world were by a little window made purposely for that object.

Bengali: চুক্তি অনুযায়ী, বাইরের বিশ্বের সঙ্গে তার একমাত্র সংযোগ ছিল একটি ছোট জানালা, যা এই উদ্দেশ্যে তৈরি করা হয়েছিল।

English: He might have anything he wanted—books, music, wine, and so on—in any quantity he desired by writing an order,

Bengali: সে যা চাইত—বই, সংগীত, মদ ইত্যাদি—অর্ডার লিখে যেকোনো পরিমাণে পেতে পারত,

English: but could only receive them through the window.

Bengali: কিন্তু শুধুমাত্র জানালার মাধ্যমে সেগুলো গ্রহণ করতে পারত।

English: The agreement provided for every detail and every trifle that would make his imprisonment strictly solitary,

Bengali: চুক্তিতে এমন প্রতিটি খুঁটিনাটি বিষয়ের উল্লেখ ছিল, যা তার বন্দিজীবনকে সম্পূর্ণ নিঃসঙ্গ করে তুলবে,

English: and bound the young man to stay there exactly fifteen years,

Bengali: এবং যুবককে সেখানে ঠিক পনেরো বছর থাকার জন্য বাধ্য করেছিল,

English: beginning from twelve o’clock of November 14, 1870,

Bengali: যা শুরু হয়েছিল ১৪ নভেম্বর, ১৮৭০ সালের দুপুর বারোটা থেকে,

English: and ending at twelve o’clock of November 14, 1885.

Bengali: এবং শেষ হবে ১৪ নভেম্বর, ১৮৮৫ সালের দুপুর বারোটা নাগাদ।

English: The slightest attempt on his part to break the conditions, if only two minutes before the end,

Bengali: চুক্তি লঙ্ঘনের জন্য তার সামান্যতম প্রচেষ্টাও, যদি শেষ হওয়ার মাত্র দুই মিনিট আগেও ঘটে,

English: released the banker from the obligation to pay him two millions.

Bengali: তাহলে ব্যাংকার তাকে দুই মিলিয়ন টাকা দেওয়ার দায় থেকে মুক্তি পেয়ে যেতেন।

English: For the first year of his confinement, as far as one could judge from his brief notes,

Bengali: বন্দিদশার প্রথম বছরে, তার সংক্ষিপ্ত নোট থেকে যতদূর বোঝা যায়,

English: the prisoner suffered severely from loneliness and depression.

Bengali: বন্দি তীব্র একাকীত্ব ও হতাশায় ভুগছিল।

English: The sounds of the piano could be heard continually day and night from his lodge.

Bengali: তার কুটির থেকে দিন-রাত পিয়ানোর শব্দ শোনা যেত।

English: He refused wine and tobacco.

Bengali: সে মদ ও তামাক গ্রহণ করতে অস্বীকৃতি জানিয়েছিল।

English: Wine, he wrote, excites the desires, and desires are the worst foes of the prisoner;

Bengali: "মদ ইচ্ছাকে উত্তেজিত করে," সে লিখেছিল, "আর ইচ্ছাগুলো বন্দির সবচেয়ে বড় শত্রু।"

English: and besides, nothing could be more dreary than drinking good wine and seeing no one.

Bengali: "এছাড়া, ভালো মদ পান করা এবং কাউকে না দেখা—এর চেয়ে শূন্যতা আর কিছু হতে পারে না।"

English: And tobacco spoilt the air of his room.

Bengali: এবং তামাক তার ঘরের বাতাস দূষিত করত।

English: In the first year the books he sent for were principally of a light character;

Bengali: প্রথম বছরে, সে যেসব বই চেয়েছিল, তার বেশিরভাগই ছিল হালকা ধরনের;

English: novels with a complicated love plot, sensational and fantastic stories, and so on.

Bengali: জটিল প্রেমের কাহিনীযুক্ত উপন্যাস, চাঞ্চল্যকর ও কল্পনাপ্রবণ গল্প, ইত্যাদি।

English: In the second year the piano was silent in the lodge, and the prisoner asked only for the classics.

Bengali: দ্বিতীয় বছরে কুটিরে পিয়ানো নিস্তব্ধ ছিল, এবং বন্দি শুধুমাত্র ক্লাসিক বইয়ের জন্য অনুরোধ করেছিল।

English: In the fifth year music was audible again, and the prisoner asked for wine.

Bengali: পঞ্চম বছরে আবার সংগীত শোনা যেতে লাগল, এবং বন্দি মদের জন্য অনুরোধ করল।

English: Those who watched him through the window said that all that year he spent doing nothing but eating and drinking and lying on his bed, frequently yawning and angrily talking to himself.

Bengali: যারা জানালা দিয়ে তাকে দেখত, তারা বলল যে সে পুরো বছর কিছু না করে শুধু খেয়েছে, মদ পান করেছে, বিছানায় শুয়ে থেকেছে, বারবার হাই তুলেছে এবং নিজের সঙ্গে রাগান্বিত স্বরে কথা বলেছে।

English: He did not read books.

Bengali: সে কোনো বই পড়েনি।

English: Sometimes at night he would sit down to write;

Bengali: কখনও কখনও রাতে সে লিখতে বসত;

English: he would spend hours writing, and in the morning tear up all that he had written.

Bengali: ঘণ্টার পর ঘণ্টা সে লিখত, এবং সকালে যা লিখেছিল সব ছিঁড়ে ফেলত।

English: More than once he could be heard crying.

Bengali: একাধিকবার তাকে কাঁদতে শোনা গেছে।

English: In the second half of the sixth year the prisoner began zealously studying languages, philosophy, and history.

Bengali: ষষ্ঠ বছরের দ্বিতীয়ার্ধে বন্দি উদ্যমের সঙ্গে ভাষা, দর্শন ও ইতিহাস অধ্যয়ন শুরু করল।

English: He threw himself eagerly into these studies—so much so that the banker had enough to do to get him the books he ordered.

Bengali: সে এতটাই আগ্রহ নিয়ে এই পড়াশোনায় ডুবে গেল যে, ব্যাংকারের জন্য তার চাওয়া বইগুলো সংগ্রহ করাই কঠিন হয়ে পড়ল।

English: In the course of four years some six hundred volumes were procured at his request.

Bengali: চার বছরের মধ্যে তার অনুরোধে প্রায় ছয়শো বই সংগ্রহ করা হয়েছিল।

English: It was during this period that the banker received the following letter from his prisoner:

Bengali: এই সময়ের মধ্যেই ব্যাংকার তার বন্দির কাছ থেকে নিম্নলিখিত চিঠিটি পেলেন—

English: “My dear Jailer, I write you these lines in six languages.

Bengali: "আমার প্রিয় কারারক্ষী, আমি আপনাকে ছয়টি ভাষায় এই চিঠি লিখছি।

English: Show them to people who know the languages. Let them read them.

Bengali: যাঁরা এই ভাষাগুলো জানেন, তাঁদেরকে এটি দেখান। তাঁদেরকে এটি পড়তে দিন।

English: If they find not one mistake, I implore you to fire a shot in the garden.

Bengali: যদি তাঁরা একটি ভুলও না পান, আমি অনুরোধ করছি যেন আপনি বাগানে একটি গুলি ছোড়েন।

English: That shot will show me that my efforts have not been thrown away.

Bengali: সেই গুলি আমাকে দেখাবে যে আমার প্রচেষ্টা বৃথা যায়নি।

English: The geniuses of all ages and of all lands speak different languages, but the same flame burns in them all.

Bengali: সব যুগের ও সব দেশের মহাপুরুষরা বিভিন্ন ভাষায় কথা বলেন, কিন্তু তাঁদের মধ্যে একই আলো জ্বলজ্বল করে।

English: Oh, if you only knew what unearthly happiness my soul feels now from being able to understand them!”

Bengali: আহা! আপনি যদি জানতেন, তাঁদের বুঝতে পারার ক্ষমতা পেয়ে আমার আত্মা এখন কী অদ্ভুত আনন্দ অনুভব করছে!"

English: The prisoner’s desire was fulfilled. The banker ordered two shots to be fired in the garden.

Bengali: বন্দির ইচ্ছা পূরণ করা হলো। ব্যাংকার বাগানে দুটি গুলি ছোড়ার নির্দেশ দিলেন।

English: Then after the tenth year, the prisoner sat immovably at the table and read nothing but the Gospel.

Bengali: তারপর দশম বছরের পর, বন্দি এক জায়গায় বসে থাকত এবং কেবল বাইবেলের গসপেল পড়ত।

English: It seemed strange to the banker that a man who in four years had mastered six hundred learned volumes

Bengali: ব্যাংকারের কাছে এটি আশ্চর্যজনক মনে হলো যে, যে ব্যক্তি চার বছরে ছয়শোটি পাণ্ডিত্যপূর্ণ বই আত্মস্থ করেছিল,

English: should waste nearly a year over one thin book easy of comprehension.

Bengali: সে কীভাবে একটি সহজবোধ্য পাতলা বই পড়তে এক বছর নষ্ট করতে পারে!

English: Theology and histories of religion followed the Gospels.

Bengali: বাইবেলের গসপেলের পর সে ধর্মতত্ত্ব ও বিভিন্ন ধর্মের ইতিহাস পড়তে শুরু করল।

English: In the last two years of his confinement the prisoner read an immense quantity of books.

Bengali: বন্দিদশার শেষ দুই বছরে বন্দি প্রচুর সংখ্যক বই পড়েছিল।

________________________________________

English: Quite indiscriminately.

Bengali: একেবারে এলোমেলোভাবে।

English: At one time he was busy with the natural sciences, then he would ask for Byron or Shakespeare.

Bengali: একসময় সে প্রাকৃতিক বিজ্ঞানে ব্যস্ত থাকত, তারপর আবার বায়রন বা শেকসপিয়ারের বই চাইত।

English: There were notes in which he demanded at the same time books on chemistry, and a manual of medicine, and a novel, and some treatise on philosophy or theology.

Bengali: এমন নোট পাওয়া যেত যেখানে সে একসঙ্গে রসায়নের বই, চিকিৎসাশাস্ত্রের একটি নির্দেশিকা, একটি উপন্যাস এবং দর্শন বা ধর্মতত্ত্ব সম্পর্কিত কোনো প্রবন্ধ চাইত।

English: His reading suggested a man swimming in the sea among the wreckage of his ship, and trying to save his life by greedily clutching first at one spar and then at another.

Bengali: তার পড়াশোনা দেখে মনে হতো যেন এক ব্যক্তি জাহাজডুবির ধ্বংসাবশেষের মধ্যে সাগরে ভাসছে এবং বাঁচার জন্য কখনো একটুকরো কাঠ আঁকড়ে ধরছে, কখনো আরেকটি।

English: The old banker remembered all this, and thought:

Bengali: বৃদ্ধ ব্যাংকার এই সব মনে করে ভাবল—

English: “To-morrow at twelve o’clock he will regain his freedom.

Bengali: "আগামীকাল বারোটায় সে তার স্বাধীনতা ফিরে পাবে।

English: By our agreement I ought to pay him two millions.

Bengali: আমাদের চুক্তি অনুযায়ী আমাকে তাকে বিশ লাখ টাকা দিতে হবে।

English: If I do pay him, it is all over with me: I shall be utterly ruined.”

Bengali: যদি আমি এই অর্থ দিই, তাহলে আমার সব শেষ হয়ে যাবে; আমি পুরোপুরি নিঃস্ব হয়ে যাব।

English: Fifteen years before, his millions had been beyond his reckoning;

Bengali: পনেরো বছর আগে তার সম্পদের পরিমাণ এত বেশি ছিল যে সে হিসেব করতে পারত না।

English: now he was afraid to ask himself which were greater, his debts or his assets.

Bengali: এখন সে ভয়ে নিজেকে জিজ্ঞাসাও করতে পারছিল না যে তার দেনা বেশি, নাকি সম্পদ।

English: Desperate gambling on the Stock Exchange, wild speculation and the excitability which he could not get over even in advancing years,

Bengali: স্টক এক্সচেঞ্জে মরিয়া জুয়া খেলা, বেপরোয়া বিনিয়োগ এবং এক ধরনের উত্তেজনা, যা বয়স বাড়ার পরও সে কাটিয়ে উঠতে পারেনি,

English: had by degrees led to the decline of his fortune

Bengali: ধীরে ধীরে তার সম্পদের পতন ঘটিয়েছিল।

English: and the proud, fearless, self-confident millionaire had become a banker of middling rank, trembling at every rise and fall in his investments.

Bengali: গর্বিত, নির্ভীক, আত্মবিশ্বাসী সেই কোটিপতি এখন এক মধ্যম মানের ব্যাংকারে পরিণত হয়েছে, যে বিনিয়োগের প্রতিটি উত্থান-পতনে কেঁপে ওঠে।

English: “Cursed bet!” muttered the old man, clutching his head in despair.

Bengali: "অভিশপ্ত বাজি!" হতাশায় মাথা চেপে ধরে বৃদ্ধ ফিসফিস করে বলল।

English: “Why didn’t the man die?

Bengali: "লোকটা কেন মারা গেল না?"

English: He is only forty now.

Bengali: সে এখন মাত্র চল্লিশ বছর বয়সী।

English: He will take my last penny from me, he will marry, will enjoy life, will gamble on the Exchange;

Bengali: সে আমার শেষ পয়সাটাও নিয়ে নেবে, বিয়ে করবে, জীবন উপভোগ করবে, স্টক এক্সচেঞ্জে জুয়া খেলবে;

English: while I shall look at him with envy like a beggar,

Bengali: আর আমি তাকে হিংসার দৃষ্টিতে দেখব, এক ভিখারির মতো।

English: and hear from him every day the same sentence: ‘I am indebted to you for the happiness of my life, let me help you!’

Bengali: এবং প্রতিদিন তার মুখ থেকে এই এক কথাই শুনতে হবে: 'আমি আমার জীবনের সুখের জন্য আপনার কাছে ঋণী, আমাকে আপনাকে সাহায্য করতে দিন!'

English: No, it is too much!

Bengali: না, এটা একদম সহ্যসীমার বাইরে!

English: The one means of being saved from bankruptcy and disgrace is the death of that man!”

Bengali: দেউলিয়া হওয়া এবং অপমান থেকে বাঁচার একমাত্র উপায় হলো ঐ ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু!"

English: It struck three o’clock, the banker listened;

Bengali: ঘড়িতে তিনটা বাজল, ব্যাংকার কান খাড়া করল;

English: everyone was asleep in the house and nothing could be heard outside but the rustling of the chilled trees.

Bengali: বাড়ির সবাই ঘুমিয়ে ছিল, এবং বাইরে কেবল শীতল বাতাসে দুলতে থাকা গাছের পাতার মর্মরধ্বনি শোনা যাচ্ছিল।

English: Trying to make no noise, he took from a fireproof safe the key of the door which had not been opened for fifteen years.

Bengali: কোনো শব্দ না করার চেষ্টা করে, সে একটি অগ্নিরোধী সিন্দুক থেকে সেই দরজার চাবি বের করল, যা পনেরো বছর ধরে খোলা হয়নি।

________________________________________

English: Put on his overcoat, and went out of the house.

Bengali: ওভারকোট পরল এবং বাড়ির বাইরে বেরিয়ে গেল।

English: It was dark and cold in the garden.

Bengali: বাগানটা অন্ধকার আর ঠান্ডা ছিল।

English: Rain was falling.

Bengali: বৃষ্টি পড়ছিল।

English: A damp cutting wind was racing about the garden, howling and giving the trees no rest.

Bengali: ভেজা তীক্ষ্ণ বাতাস বাগানের চারদিকে ঘুরে বেড়াচ্ছিল, গর্জন করছিল এবং গাছগুলিকে শান্তিতে থাকতে দিচ্ছিল না।

English: The banker strained his eyes, but could see neither the earth nor the white statues, nor the lodge, nor the trees.

Bengali: ব্যাংকার চোখ কুঁচকে তাকাল, কিন্তু সে মাটি, সাদা মূর্তিগুলো, লজ বা গাছ কিছুই দেখতে পেল না।

English: Going to the spot where the lodge stood, he twice called the watchman.

Bengali: যেখানে লজটি ছিল, সেখানে গিয়ে সে দু’বার প্রহরীকে ডাকল।

English: No answer followed.

Bengali: কোনো উত্তর এলো না।

English: Evidently the watchman had sought shelter from the weather, and was now asleep somewhere either in the kitchen or in the greenhouse.

Bengali: স্পষ্টতই, প্রহরী আবহাওয়া থেকে আশ্রয় নিয়েছিল এবং এখন হয় রান্নাঘরে নয়তো গ্রীনহাউসে কোথাও ঘুমিয়ে ছিল।

English: “If I had the pluck to carry out my intention,” thought the old man, “suspicion would fall first upon the watchman.”

Bengali: "যদি আমার পরিকল্পনা বাস্তবায়ন করার সাহস থাকত," বৃদ্ধ মনে মনে ভাবল, "তাহলে প্রথম সন্দেহ পড়ত প্রহরীর ওপর।"

English: He felt in the darkness for the steps and the door, and went into the entry of the lodge.

Bengali: সে অন্ধকারে হাতড়ে সিঁড়ি ও দরজার সন্ধান করল এবং লজের প্রবেশপথে ঢুকল।

English: Then he groped his way into a little passage and lighted a match.

Bengali: তারপর সে হাতড়ে হাতড়ে একটা ছোট করিডোরের ভেতরে ঢুকল এবং একটা দেশলাই জ্বালাল।

English: There was not a soul there.

Bengali: সেখানে একটি প্রাণীও ছিল না।

English: There was a bedstead with no bedding on it, and in the corner there was a dark cast-iron stove.

Bengali: সেখানে একটা খাট ছিল, কিন্তু তার ওপর কোনো বিছানা ছিল না, আর কোণায় ছিল একটা কালো ঢালাই লোহার চুলা।

English: The seals on the door leading to the prisoner’s rooms were intact.

Bengali: যে দরজাটি কয়েদির কক্ষে যাওয়ার পথ খুলে দেয়, তার সিলগালা অক্ষত ছিল।

English: When the match went out the old man, trembling with emotion, peeped through the little window.

Bengali: দেশলাই নিভে গেলে বৃদ্ধ, আবেগে কাঁপতে কাঁপতে, ছোট জানালাটির ভেতর দিয়ে উঁকি দিল।

English: A candle was burning dimly in the prisoner’s room.

Bengali: কয়েদির ঘরে একটি মোমবাতি ক্ষীণভাবে জ্বলছিল।

English: He was sitting at the table.

Bengali: সে টেবিলের সামনে বসে ছিল।

English: Nothing could be seen but his back, the hair on his head, and his hands.

Bengali: তার পেছন দিক, মাথার চুল এবং হাত ছাড়া কিছুই দেখা যাচ্ছিল না।

English: Open books were lying on the table, on the two easy-chairs, and on the carpet near the table.

Bengali: খোলা বই পড়ে ছিল টেবিলের ওপর, দুটি আরামকেদারায় এবং টেবিলের কাছাকাছি কার্পেটের ওপর।

English: Five minutes passed and the prisoner did not once stir.

Bengali: পাঁচ মিনিট কেটে গেল, কিন্তু কয়েদি একবারও নড়ল না।

English: Fifteen years’ imprisonment had taught him to sit still.

Bengali: পনেরো বছরের বন্দিত্ব তাকে স্থির হয়ে বসে থাকার শিক্ষা দিয়েছিল।

English: The banker tapped at the window with his finger, and the prisoner made no movement whatever in response.

Bengali: ব্যাংকার জানালার কাচে আঙুল দিয়ে টোকা দিল, কিন্তু কয়েদি কোনো প্রতিক্রিয়া দেখাল না।

English: Then the banker cautiously broke the seals off the door and put the key in the keyhole.

Bengali: তারপর ব্যাংকার সতর্কভাবে দরজার সিলগালা খুলে ফেলল এবং চাবি তালার মধ্যে ঢোকাল।

English: The rusty lock gave a grating sound and the door creaked.

Bengali: মরিচাধরা তালাটি একটি ঘষার শব্দ করল এবং দরজাটি কড় কড় শব্দে খুলে গেল।

English: The banker expected to hear at once footsteps and a cry of astonishment,

Bengali: ব্যাংকার আশা করছিল যে সঙ্গে সঙ্গেই সে পায়ের শব্দ আর বিস্ময়ের চিৎকার শুনবে,

English: but three minutes passed and it was as quiet as ever in the room.

Bengali: কিন্তু তিন মিনিট কেটে গেল, আর ঘর আগের মতোই নীরব রইল।

English: He made up his mind to go in.

Bengali: সে ঘরের ভেতরে যাওয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নিল।

English: At the table a man unlike ordinary people was sitting motionless.

Bengali: টেবিলের সামনে বসে ছিল এক ব্যক্তি, যে সাধারণ মানুষের মতো ছিল না।

English: He was a skeleton with—

Bengali: সে ছিল কেবল একটি কঙ্কাল, যার—

________________________________________

English: The skin drawn tight over his bones, with long curls like a woman’s and a shaggy beard.

Bengali: তার চামড়া হাড়ের ওপর শক্তভাবে টানটান হয়ে ছিল, তার চুল নারীর মতো লম্বা ছিল এবং দাড়ি ছিল ঝাঁকড়া।

English: His face was yellow with an earthy tint in it, his cheeks were hollow, his back long and narrow,

Bengali: তার মুখ হলুদ বর্ণের ছিল, তাতে মাটির মতো রঙ লেগে ছিল, তার গাল ভেতরে ঢুকে গিয়েছিল, তার পিঠ ছিল লম্বা ও চিকন,

English: and the hand on which his shaggy head was propped was so thin and delicate that it was dreadful to look at it.

Bengali: আর যে হাতে তার ঝাঁকড়া মাথা ঠেস দিয়ে ছিল, তা এতটাই চিকন ও কোমল ছিল যে, তা দেখতেই ভয় লাগছিল।

English: His hair was already streaked with silver,

Bengali: তার চুলে ইতিমধ্যেই সাদা রেখা দেখা যাচ্ছিল,

English: and seeing his emaciated, aged-looking face, no one would have believed that he was only forty.

Bengali: এবং তার শীর্ণকায়, বৃদ্ধের মতো চেহারা দেখে কেউ বিশ্বাস করত না যে, তার বয়স মাত্র চল্লিশ।

English: He was asleep.

Bengali: সে ঘুমিয়ে ছিল।

English: In front of his bowed head there lay on the table a sheet of paper on which there was something written in fine handwriting.

Bengali: তার ঝুঁকে থাকা মাথার সামনে টেবিলের ওপর একটি কাগজের টুকরো পড়েছিল, যার ওপর সুন্দর হস্তলিপিতে কিছু লেখা ছিল।

English: “Poor creature!” thought the banker,

Bengali: "অভাগা মানুষ!" ব্যাংকার মনে মনে ভাবল,

English: “he is asleep and most likely dreaming of the millions.

Bengali: "সে ঘুমিয়ে আছে এবং সম্ভবত মিলিয়ন টাকা নিয়ে স্বপ্ন দেখছে।

English: And I have only to take this half-dead man,

Bengali: আর আমাকে কেবল এই আধ-মরা মানুষটাকে নিতে হবে,

English: throw him on the bed,

Bengali: তাকে বিছানায় ছুড়ে ফেলতে হবে,

English: stifle him a little with the pillow,

Bengali: তাকে একটু বালিশ চাপা দিতে হবে,

English: and the most conscientious expert would find no sign of a violent death.

Bengali: এবং সবচেয়ে নিষ্ঠাবান বিশেষজ্ঞও কোনো হিংসাত্মক মৃত্যুর চিহ্ন খুঁজে পাবে না।

English: But let us first read what he has written here….”

Bengali: কিন্তু আগে দেখা যাক, এখানে সে কী লিখেছে…"

English: The banker took the page from the table and read as follows:

Bengali: ব্যাংকার টেবিল থেকে কাগজটি তুলে নিল এবং পড়তে শুরু করল—

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কয়েদির চিঠি

English: “To-morrow at twelve o’clock I regain my freedom and the right to associate with other men,

Bengali: "আগামীকাল ঠিক বারোটায় আমি আমার স্বাধীনতা ফিরে পাব এবং অন্য মানুষের সঙ্গে মিশবার অধিকার ফিরে পাব,

English: but before I leave this room and see the sunshine,

Bengali: কিন্তু এই ঘর ছাড়ার এবং সূর্যের আলো দেখার আগে,

English: I think it necessary to say a few words to you.

Bengali: আমি তোমার উদ্দেশ্যে কয়েকটি কথা বলা জরুরি মনে করি।

English: With a clear conscience I tell you,

Bengali: আমি সম্পূর্ণ স্বচ্ছ বিবেক নিয়ে তোমাকে বলছি,

English: as before God, who beholds me,

Bengali: ঈশ্বরের সামনে, যিনি আমাকে দেখছেন,

English: that I despise freedom and life and health,

Bengali: যে আমি স্বাধীনতা, জীবন, স্বাস্থ্য—এসবকে ঘৃণা করি,

English: and all that in your books is called the good things of the world.

Bengali: এবং তোমার বইগুলোতে যাকে পৃথিবীর ভালো জিনিস বলা হয়েছে, সেসবকেও আমি ঘৃণা করি।

English: “For fifteen years I have been intently studying earthly life.

Bengali: "পনেরো বছর ধরে আমি মনোযোগ সহকারে পার্থিব জীবন অধ্যয়ন করেছি।

English: It is true I have not seen the earth nor men,

Bengali: এটা সত্যি যে আমি পৃথিবীকে দেখি নি, মানুষের সঙ্গে মিশিনি,

English: but in your books I have drunk fragrant wine,

Bengali: কিন্তু তোমার বইগুলোর মাধ্যমে আমি সুগন্ধি মদ পান করেছি,

English: I have sung songs,

Bengali: আমি গান গেয়েছি,

English: I have hunted stags and wild boars in the forests,

Bengali: আমি জঙ্গলে হরিণ আর বন্য শূকর শিকার করেছি,

English: have loved women....

Bengali: আমি নারীদের ভালোবেসেছি...

English: Beauties as ethereal as clouds,

Bengali: মেঘের মতো স্বর্গীয় সৌন্দর্যরা,

English: created by the magic of your poets and geniuses,

Bengali: তোমার কবি ও প্রতিভাবানদের জাদুতে সৃষ্টি হয়েছে,

English: have visited me at night,

Bengali: তারা রাতে আমাকে দেখতে এসেছে,

English: and have whispered in my ears wonderful tales

Bengali: এবং আমার কানে ফিসফিস করে বলেছে আশ্চর্য গল্প,

English: that have set my brain in a whirl.

Bengali: যা আমার মস্তিষ্ককে উত্তেজিত করে তুলেছে।

English: In your books I have climbed to the peaks of Elburz and Mont Blanc,

Bengali: তোমার বইগুলোর মাধ্যমে আমি এলব্রুজ আর মঁ ব্লঁ পর্বতের চূড়ায় উঠেছি,

English: and from there I have seen the sun

Bengali: এবং সেখান থেকে আমি সূর্যকে দেখেছি...

________________________________________

________________________________________

English: rise and have watched it at evening flood the sky, the ocean, and the mountain-tops with gold and crimson.

Bengali: সূর্য উঠতে দেখেছি এবং সন্ধ্যায় দেখেছি কিভাবে তার আলো স্বর্ণ ও লালাভ আভায় আকাশ, সমুদ্র এবং পর্বতের চূড়াগুলোকে প্লাবিত করে।

English: I have watched from there the lightning flashing over my head and cleaving the storm-clouds.

Bengali: আমি দেখেছি আমার মাথার ওপর দিয়ে বজ্রপাত বিদ্যুৎ চমকিয়ে ঝড়ের মেঘগুলোকে চিরে ফেলেছে।

English: I have seen green forests, fields, rivers, lakes, towns.

Bengali: আমি সবুজ বন, মাঠ, নদী, হ্রদ, শহর দেখেছি।

English: I have heard the singing of the sirens, and the strains of the shepherds’ pipes;

Bengali: আমি শুনেছি সাইরেনদের গান, আর রাখালদের বাঁশির সুর;

English: I have touched the wings of comely devils who flew down to converse with me of God....

Bengali: আমি সুন্দর দানবদের ডানা স্পর্শ করেছি, যারা ঈশ্বর সম্পর্কে আমার সাথে কথা বলার জন্য নেমে এসেছিল...

English: In your books I have flung myself into the bottomless pit, performed miracles, slain, burned towns, preached new religions, conquered whole kingdoms....

Bengali: তোমার বইয়ের মাধ্যমে আমি অতল গহ্বরে ঝাঁপ দিয়েছি, অলৌকিক কাজ করেছি, হত্যা করেছি, শহর জ্বালিয়ে দিয়েছি, নতুন ধর্ম প্রচার করেছি, পুরো রাজ্য জয় করেছি...

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কয়েদির উপলব্ধি

English: “Your books have given me wisdom.

Bengali: "তোমার বই আমাকে জ্ঞান দিয়েছে।

English: All that the unresting thought of man has created in the ages

Bengali: মানুষের অশান্ত চিন্তা যুগ যুগ ধরে যা সৃষ্টি করেছে,

English: is compressed into a small compass in my brain.

Bengali: তা সব আমার মস্তিষ্কে ছোট পরিসরে সংক্ষিপ্ত হয়ে আছে।

English: I know that I am wiser than all of you.

Bengali: আমি জানি, আমি তোমাদের সবার চেয়ে জ্ঞানী।

English: “And I despise your books,

Bengali: "এবং আমি তোমার বইগুলোকে ঘৃণা করি,

English: I despise wisdom and the blessings of this world.

Bengali: আমি জ্ঞানকে ঘৃণা করি, এই পৃথিবীর সুখকেও ঘৃণা করি।

English: It is all worthless, fleeting, illusory, and deceptive, like a mirage.

Bengali: এগুলো সবই মূল্যহীন, ক্ষণস্থায়ী, মরীচিকার মতো ভ্রম ও প্রতারণামূলক।

English: You may be proud, wise, and fine,

Bengali: তোমরা হয়তো গর্বিত, জ্ঞানী ও সম্মানিত হতে পারো,

English: but death will wipe you off the face of the earth

Bengali: কিন্তু মৃত্যু একদিন তোমাদের পৃথিবীর বুক থেকে মুছে দেবে,

English: as though you were no more than mice burrowing under the floor,

Bengali: যেন তোমরা শুধু মাটির নিচে গর্ত করা ইঁদুরের মতো,

English: and your posterity, your history, your immortal geniuses

Bengali: এবং তোমাদের বংশধর, তোমাদের ইতিহাস, তোমাদের অমর প্রতিভাবানরা

English: will burn or freeze together with the earthly globe.

Bengali: এই পৃথিবীর সঙ্গে একদিন পুড়ে যাবে বা বরফ হয়ে যাবে।

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চূড়ান্ত ত্যাগ

English: “You have lost your reason and taken the wrong path.

Bengali: "তোমরা তোমাদের যুক্তি হারিয়ে ফেলেছো এবং ভুল পথ বেছে নিয়েছো।

English: You have taken lies for truth, and hideousness for beauty.

Bengali: তোমরা মিথ্যাকে সত্য ভেবেছো, কদর্যতাকে সৌন্দর্য মনে করেছো।

English: You would marvel if, owing to strange events of some sorts,

Bengali: যদি অদ্ভুত কোনো ঘটনার কারণে,

English: frogs and lizards suddenly grew on apple and orange trees instead of fruit,

Bengali: আপেল বা কমলার বদলে যদি গাছে ব্যাঙ আর টিকটিকি জন্মায়, তাহলে তোমরা বিস্মিত হবে,

English: or if roses began to smell like a sweating horse;

Bengali: অথবা যদি গোলাপের গন্ধ ঘর্মাক্ত ঘোড়ার মতো হয়ে যায়;

English: so I marvel at you who exchange heaven for earth.

Bengali: তেমনই আমি তোমাদের দেখে বিস্মিত হই, যারা স্বর্গের বদলে পৃথিবীকে বেছে নেয়।

English: I don’t want to understand you.

Bengali: আমি তোমাদের বুঝতে চাই না।

English: To prove to you in action how I despise all that you live by,

Bengali: আমি তোমাদের জীবনের সমস্ত মূল্যবোধকে কতটা ঘৃণা করি, তা কর্মের মাধ্যমে প্রমাণ করতে,

English: I renounce the two millions

Bengali: আমি সেই দুই মিলিয়ন টাকা প্রত্যাখ্যান করছি,

English: of which I once dreamed as of paradise

Bengali: যা একসময় আমার কাছে স্বর্গের স্বপ্নের মতো ছিল,

English: and which now I despise.

Bengali: কিন্তু যা এখন আমি ঘৃণা করি।

English: To deprive myself of the right to the money,

Bengali: নিজেকে এই অর্থ পাওয়ার অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত করতে,

English: I shall go out from here five hours before the time.

Bengali: আমি নির্ধারিত সময়ের পাঁচ ঘণ্টা আগেই এখান থেকে বেরিয়ে যাব।

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English: fixed, and so break the compact.”

Bengali: সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছি, এবং এইভাবে আমাদের চুক্তি ভঙ্গ করছি।

English: When the banker had read this,

Bengali: যখন ব্যাংকার এটি পড়লেন,

English: he laid the page on the table,

Bengali: তিনি পৃষ্ঠাটি টেবিলে রাখলেন,

English: kissed the strange man on the head,

Bengali: এবং সেই অদ্ভুত মানুষটির মাথায় চুমু খেলেন,

English: and went out of the lodge, weeping.

Bengali: তারপর কেঁদে ফেলে কুটির থেকে বেরিয়ে এলেন।

English: At no other time, even when he had lost heavily on the Stock Exchange,

Bengali: এর আগে কখনো, এমনকি যখন স্টক এক্সচেঞ্জে বড় ধরনের ক্ষতি হয়েছিল,

English: had he felt so great a contempt for himself.

Bengali: তখনও তিনি নিজের প্রতি এত ঘৃণা অনুভব করেননি।

English: When he got home, he lay on his bed,

Bengali: তিনি বাড়ি ফিরে নিজের বিছানায় শুয়ে পড়লেন,

English: but his tears and emotion kept him for hours from sleeping.

Bengali: কিন্তু তার অশ্রু ও আবেগ তাকে ঘণ্টার পর ঘণ্টা ঘুমোতে দিল না।

________________________________________

প্রিজনারের নিঃশব্দ প্রস্থান

English: Next morning the watchmen ran in with pale faces,

Bengali: পরদিন সকালে পাহারাদাররা ভয়ে ফ্যাকাশে মুখে দৌড়ে এল,

English: and told him they had seen the man who lived in the lodge

Bengali: এবং জানাল, তারা দেখেছে যে কুটিরে বসবাসকারী লোকটি

English: climb out of the window into the garden,

Bengali: জানালা বেয়ে বাগানে নেমেছে,

English: go to the gate, and disappear.

Bengali: গেটের দিকে এগিয়ে গিয়ে অদৃশ্য হয়ে গেছে।

English: The banker went at once with the servants to the lodge

Bengali: ব্যাংকার সাথে সাথেই তার চাকরদের নিয়ে কুটিরে গেলেন

English: and made sure of the flight of his prisoner.

Bengali: এবং নিশ্চিত হলেন যে কয়েদি পালিয়ে গেছে।

English: To avoid arousing unnecessary talk,

Bengali: অযথা গুজব রোধ করতে,

English: he took from the table the writing in which the millions were renounced,

Bengali: তিনি টেবিল থেকে সেই চিঠিটি তুলে নিলেন, যেখানে কয়েদি দুই মিলিয়ন টাকা ত্যাগ করার কথা লিখেছিলেন,

English: and when he got home,

Bengali: এবং বাড়ি ফিরে,

English: locked it up in the fireproof safe.

Bengali: সেটি আগুন-নিরোধক লোহার সিন্দুকে তালাবদ্ধ করে রাখলেন।


Tuesday, May 6, 2025

Mcq questions and answers from "Ulysses" written by Alfred Lord Tennyson.

1. What is the main theme of Ulysses?

a) The inevitability of death
b) The yearning for adventure and purpose
c) The struggles of old age
d) The joys of domestic life

Answer:
b) The yearning for adventure and purpose


2. Who is the speaker in Ulysses?
a) A sailor
b) The narrator
c) Ulysses (Odysseus)
d) Telemachus

Answer:
c) Ulysses (Odysseus)


3. What is Ulysses' attitude towards his life as a king in Ithaca?
a) He finds it fulfilling and peaceful.
b) He feels restless and bored.
c) He is content and enjoys ruling his people.
d) He is determined to expand his kingdom.

Answer:
b) He feels restless and bored.


4. What phrase does Ulysses use to describe his people in Ithaca?
a) "Savage race"
b) "Noble race"
c) "Faithful followers"
d) "Adventurous souls"

Answer:
a) "Savage race"


5. Who does Ulysses plan to leave the responsibilities of ruling Ithaca to?
a) His wife, Penelope
b) His son, Telemachus
c) His sailors
d) A council of elders

Answer:
b) His son, Telemachus


6. What qualities does Ulysses attribute to Telemachus?
a) Strength and bravery
b) Wisdom and patience
c) Ambition and curiosity
d) Loyalty and adventurousness

Answer:
b) Wisdom and patience


7. Which line in the poem reflects Ulysses’ desire for adventure and exploration?
a) “I mete and dole unequal laws unto a savage race.”


b) “To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.”
c) “This is my son, mine own Telemachus.”
d) “The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs.”

Answer:
b) “To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.”


8. What does Ulysses compare himself to in the poem?
a) A rusty sword
b) A caged bird
c) A ship lost at sea
d) A lion

Answer:
a) A rusty sword


9. What motivates Ulysses to leave Ithaca and sail again?
a) The pursuit of wealth and power
b) A desire to escape his responsibilities
c) A yearning for new experiences and knowledge
d) Revenge against his enemies

Answer:
c) A yearning for new experiences and knowledge


10. What does Ulysses say about death in the poem?
a) It should be faced with courage and dignity.
b) It is a tragic end to life.
c) It can be avoided through adventure.
d) It is irrelevant to those who seek knowledge.

Answer:
a) It should be faced with courage and dignity.


11. What does Ulysses mean by the phrase “It little profits that an idle king”?
a) A king gains nothing from idleness.
b) A king should enjoy the comforts of life.
c) A king should always stay at home.
d) A king should rule with strict discipline.

Answer:
a) A king gains nothing from idleness.


12. Which line suggests Ulysses’ dissatisfaction with a life of inactivity?
a) “Matched with an aged wife, I mete and dole.”
b) “Life piled on life were all too little.”
c) “As though to breathe were life.”
d) “How dull it is to pause, to make an end.”

Answer:
d) “How dull it is to pause, to make an end.”


13. What does Ulysses mean by “I am a part of all that I have met”?
a) His identity is shaped by his past experiences.
b) He feels disconnected from his past adventures.
c) He regrets the mistakes of his past.
d) He sees himself as separate from others.

Answer:
a) His identity is shaped by his past experiences.


14. What does Ulysses refer to as “the Happy Isles”?
a) A mythical destination of eternal rest
b) The islands of Ithaca
c) A metaphor for personal fulfillment
d) The lands he has conquered

Answer:
a) A mythical destination of eternal rest


15. What is the tone of Ulysses?
a) Defeated and mournful
b) Joyful and celebratory
c) Determined and inspirational
d) Reflective and nostalgic

Answer:
c) Determined and inspirational


16. How does the poem Ulysses end?
a) With Ulysses bidding farewell to his son.
b) With Ulysses preparing for his final voyage.
c) With Ulysses expressing regret for his actions.
d) With Ulysses deciding to stay in Ithaca.

Answer:
b) With Ulysses preparing for his final voyage.


17. What is the primary literary device used in Ulysses?
a) Metaphor
b) Simile
c) Dramatic monologue
d) Allegory

Answer:
c) Dramatic monologue


18. Ulysses’ famous declaration “To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield” reflects which of the following?
a) His resignation to the inevitability of old age
b) His determination to live life fully despite challenges
c) His belief in the power of fate
d) His desire to return to Ithaca

Answer:
b) His determination to live life fully despite challenges



19. In Ulysses, what does the phrase “the ringing plains of windy Troy” signify?
a) The peace and stillness of Troy
b) Ulysses’ nostalgic memory of the Trojan War
c) The desolation of Troy after the war
d) The harshness of life at sea

Answer:
b) Ulysses’ nostalgic memory of the Trojan War


20. What is Ulysses’ opinion of his “aged wife” in the poem?
a) He respects her wisdom.
b) He finds her companionship fulfilling.
c) He views her with indifference.
d) He resents her for his lack of freedom.

Answer:
c) He views her with indifference.


21. What does Ulysses mean by the line “Life piled on life were all too little”?
a) He regrets his past decisions.
b) He feels life is too short to achieve everything.
c) He wishes for a simpler life.
d) He believes in reincarnation.

Answer:
b) He feels life is too short to achieve everything.


22. Ulysses refers to himself and his companions as “One equal temper of heroic hearts.” What does this imply?
a) They share the same courage and resolve.
b) They are equals in age and experience.
c) They are indifferent to heroism.
d) They are united by their loyalty to Ithaca.

Answer:
a) They share the same courage and resolve.


23. What does Ulysses mean when he says, “To follow knowledge like a sinking star”?
a) He seeks knowledge even if it is unattainable.
b) He wants to avoid the pursuit of knowledge.
c) He believes knowledge is fleeting.
d) He wishes to explore the mysteries of the cosmos.

Answer:
a) He seeks knowledge even if it is unattainable.


24. In the poem, what is Ulysses' view of death?
a) It is a great adventure.
b) It is to be feared and avoided.
c) It is an unnatural end.
d) It should be embraced passively.

Answer:
a) It is a great adventure.


25. What does Ulysses refer to as “this gray spirit yearning in desire”?
a) His old age limiting his ambitions
b) His soul longing for exploration and adventure
c) His desire for eternal youth
d) His nostalgia for the past

Answer:
b) His soul longing for exploration and adventure


26. How does Ulysses describe old age in the poem?
a) As a time for rest and peace
b) As a period of inactivity and decay
c) As a phase of continuous striving
d) As a reward for past achievements

Answer:
c) As a phase of continuous striving


27. What does the “untraveled world” symbolize for Ulysses?
a) A source of fear and uncertainty
b) New opportunities and unknown experiences
c) A metaphor for the afterlife
d) A longing for his homecoming

Answer:
b) New opportunities and unknown experiences


28. In which literary period was Ulysses written?
a) Romantic
b) Victorian
c) Modernist
d) Renaissance

Answer:
b) Victorian


29. Which line best conveys Ulysses' disdain for an idle life?
a) “Matched with an aged wife, I mete and dole.”
b) “How dull it is to pause, to make an end.”
c) “Life piled on life were all too little.”
d) “I cannot rest from travel.”

Answer:
b) “How dull it is to pause, to make an end.”


30. Why does Ulysses describe his people as a “savage race”?
a) They are uncivilized and ignorant.
b) They are unworthy of his rule.
c) They lack the adventurous spirit he values.
d) They are hostile towards him.

Answer:
c) They lack the adventurous spirit he values.


31. How does Ulysses describe his past adventures?
a) As dull and uneventful
b) As noble and inspiring
c) As difficult and tragic
d) As ordinary and mundane

Answer:
b) As noble and inspiring


32. What is the poetic structure of Ulysses?
a) Sonnet
b) Dramatic monologue in blank verse
c) Ballad
d) Free verse

Answer:
b) Dramatic monologue in blank verse


33. Which mythical figure serves as the central character in Ulysses?
a) Hercules
b) Ulysses (Odysseus)
c) Achilles
d) Prometheus

Answer:
b) Ulysses (Odysseus)


34. What does Ulysses believe about his own potential in the face of old age?
a) It is diminished and irrelevant.
b) It can still lead to meaningful endeavors.
c) It has been fulfilled entirely.
d) It is wasted on mundane duties.

Answer:
b) It can still lead to meaningful endeavors.


35. The line “Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will” reflects Ulysses' belief in what?
a) The inevitability of human weakness
b) The power of the human spirit to endure
c) The futility of resisting fate
d) The strength of his physical abilities

Answer:
b) The power of the human spirit to endure




36. What does the phrase “the quiet life” symbolize in Ulysses?
a) Peace and contentment
b) Rest after a life of hard work
c) Boredom and lack of adventure
d) The rewards of kingship

Answer:
c) Boredom and lack of adventure


37. What does Ulysses mean by “Yet all experience is an arch wherethro’ / Gleams that untravel’d world”?
a) Experience limits one’s potential.
b) Experience opens doors to new adventures.
c) Experience is a barrier to exploration.
d) Experience only reflects the past.

Answer:
b) Experience opens doors to new adventures.


38. Which quality does Ulysses admire most in his mariners?
a) Loyalty and obedience
b) Their willingness to follow him into danger
c) Their strength and youth
d) Their ability to adapt to change

Answer:
b) Their willingness to follow him into danger


39. What does Ulysses imply by “To rust unburnish’d, not to shine in use”?
a) A tool (or person) loses value when unused.
b) Aging gracefully requires no effort.
c) Retirement is a peaceful state.
d) Life is meaningless without responsibilities.

Answer:
a) A tool (or person) loses value when unused.


40. How does Ulysses describe Telemachus’ future role?
a) A ruler who will bring adventure to Ithaca
b) A leader who will guide the people with patience
c) A warrior like his father
d) A poet and philosopher

Answer:
b) A leader who will guide the people with patience


41. Which line best expresses Ulysses' refusal to succumb to old age?
a) “The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs.”
b) “To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.”
c) “I cannot rest from travel.”
d) “There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail.”

Answer:
b) “To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.”


42. In Ulysses, how does the speaker view his previous adventures?
a) As the most fulfilling part of his life
b) As a waste of time and energy
c) As something he wishes to forget
d) As unimportant compared to his current role

Answer:
a) As the most fulfilling part of his life


43. What does Ulysses mean by “the lights begin to twinkle from the rocks”?
a) The fading of daylight
b) The arrival of ships
c) A metaphor for his fading youth
d) The peaceful nature of Ithaca

Answer:
a) The fading of daylight


44. The line “Old age hath yet his honour and his toil” suggests that Ulysses believes:
a) Aging is a time of rest and peace.
b) Old age brings both dignity and continued effort.
c) Aging is a burden and without value.
d) Old age offers little to those who once lived boldly.

Answer:
b) Old age brings both dignity and continued effort.


45. What does Ulysses consider the “noblest toil” in life?
a) Ruling his people
b) Facing challenges and seeking adventure
c) Honoring his family legacy
d) Living peacefully in old age

Answer:
b) Facing challenges and seeking adventure


46. What is the significance of the phrase “Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods”?
a) Ulysses and his mariners have divine qualities.
b) They are mortals who lived lives of heroic courage.
c) They aim to surpass the power of gods.
d) They regret their defiance of the gods.

Answer:
b) They are mortals who lived lives of heroic courage.


47. Which literary device is most evident in the line “The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs”?
a) Simile
b) Imagery
c) Hyperbole
d) Alliteration

Answer:
b) Imagery


48. What does Ulysses imply when he says, “Death closes all; but something ere the end”?
a) Life is meaningless because of death.
b) People should strive to achieve something before they die.
c) Death marks the beginning of a new journey.
d) Death should not be feared.

Answer:
b) People should strive to achieve something before they die.


49. What does the sea symbolize in Ulysses?
a) The dangers of the unknown
b) A desire for freedom and adventure
c) A barrier between Ulysses and his people
d) A peaceful resting place

Answer:
b) A desire for freedom and adventure


50. Why does Ulysses say, “Some work of noble note, may yet be done”?
a) He believes his life is incomplete without further accomplishments.
b) He wants to prove his worth to the people of Ithaca.
c) He feels Telemachus cannot succeed without his guidance.
d) He desires to reclaim his youth.

Answer:
a) He believes his life is incomplete without further accomplishments.



51. In Ulysses, what does the phrase “There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail” indicate?
a) Ulysses' readiness to embark on a new journey
b) A metaphor for his acceptance of death
c) His longing to remain in Ithaca
d) The arrival of foreign traders

Answer:
a) Ulysses' readiness to embark on a new journey


52. What is Ulysses' tone when he describes his people as a "savage race"?
a) Respectful
b) Critical and dismissive
c) Grateful
d) Envious

Answer:
b) Critical and dismissive


53. What literary device is used in the line “To rust unburnished, not to shine in use”?
a) Metaphor
b) Hyperbole
c) Simile
d) Personification

Answer:
a) Metaphor


54. Ulysses refers to his mariners as:
a) Faithful servants
b) Adventurous souls
c) Fellow travelers with heroic hearts
d) Warriors of Ithaca

Answer:
c) Fellow travelers with heroic hearts


55. What does Ulysses mean by “We are not now that strength which in old days / Moved earth and heaven”?
a) He regrets his lost youth and strength.
b) He acknowledges the limitations of old age.
c) He believes his achievements are insignificant.
d) He wishes to relive his past glory.

Answer:
b) He acknowledges the limitations of old age.


56. What does Ulysses describe as his “unquenched thirst”?
a) His desire for immortality
b) His longing for knowledge and adventure
c) His wish to expand his kingdom
d) His love for his family

Answer:
b) His longing for knowledge and adventure


57. How does Ulysses describe his experiences of travel and exploration?
a) As monotonous and repetitive
b) As enriching and enlightening
c) As dangerous and regretful
d) As a means to escape responsibility

Answer:
b) As enriching and enlightening


58. What does the “Happy Isles” symbolize in the poem?
a) The afterlife or paradise
b) Ithaca’s neighboring islands
c) A place of rest for sailors
d) The Greek islands of myth

Answer:
a) The afterlife or paradise


59. Why does Ulysses call life “a dull and idle king”?
a) He feels life has no purpose without action.
b) He believes all rulers must stay active.
c) He views life as a monotonous existence.
d) He equates life with his own dissatisfaction.

Answer:
a) He feels life has no purpose without action.


60. What does the line “Come, my friends, / 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world” signify?
a) A desire to start fresh and explore the unknown
b) An admission of defeat in Ithaca
c) A longing to reconnect with his youth
d) A farewell to his family

Answer:
a) A desire to start fresh and explore the unknown


61. How does Ulysses portray his past battles and achievements?
a) As insignificant in the grand scheme of life
b) As the pinnacle of his existence
c) As stepping stones to future greatness
d) As burdens he wishes to forget

Answer:
b) As the pinnacle of his existence


62. What does Ulysses suggest about the nature of heroism in the poem?
a) It fades with age.
b) It is rooted in constant striving and adventure.
c) It is defined by ruling one’s kingdom.
d) It is achieved through personal sacrifice.

Answer:
b) It is rooted in constant striving and adventure.


63. Why does Ulysses want to leave Ithaca?
a) To relive his past adventures
b) To escape his responsibilities as king
c) To pursue a sense of purpose and discovery
d) To find immortality

Answer:
c) To pursue a sense of purpose and discovery


64. Which characteristic best describes Ulysses in the poem?
a) Resigned and nostalgic
b) Restless and ambitious
c) Content and wise
d) Regretful and apologetic

Answer:
b) Restless and ambitious


65. What does Ulysses believe is the most important aspect of life?
a) Conquering lands
b) Seeking knowledge and adventure
c) Ruling with fairness
d) Leaving a legacy for one’s family

Answer:
b) Seeking knowledge and adventure




Saturday, April 26, 2025

“Composed upon Westminster Bridge” (MCQ) Questions and Answers, Class XI,


1. “Upon Westminster Bridge’ is written by
(i) William H. Davies
(ii) Octavio Paz
(iii) William Wordsworth
(iv) William Blake.


2. Upon Westminster Bridge’ was composed on-
(i) September 3, 1802
(iii) September 3, 1803
(ii) September 13, 1802
(iv) September 3, 1801.


3. William Wordsworth uses in the poem ‘Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802-
(i) the Shakespeare an sonnet form
(ii) the Italian sonnet form
(iii) the European sonnet form
(iv) the American sonnet form.


4. ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’ is a –
(i) sonnet
(ii) ballad
(iii) ode
(iv) lyric.



5. In ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’, the poet views the city-
(i) in the morning
(ii) at noon
(iii) in the evening
(iv) at night.


6. The poet sees London as-
(i) part of Nature
(ii) the nerve-centre of commerce
(iii) alienated from Nature
(iv) isolated.


7. “Earth has not anything to show more fair” than
(i) the Westminster Bridge
(ii) London
(iii) the open skies
(iv) heaven.


8. The person who passes without enjoying the beauty of the London morning is
(i) dull
(ii) innovative
(iii) imaginative
(iv) busy.



9. “Dull would he be of soul.” Here ‘dull’ means-
(i) boring
(ii) unintelligent
(iii) insensitive
(iv) monotonous.


10. “A sight so touching”-It is described so as-
(i) the sight can be touched
(ii) the sight is tough
(iii) the sight touches one’s heart
(iv) none of these.


11. How does the poet refer to the Sun and The river in the poem ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’?
(i) as phenomena
(ii) as element of nature
(iii) as animate beings
(iv)as gods.


12. The sight that Wordsworth saw appeared to him as-
(i) mysterious
(ii) magical
(iii)menacing
(iv) majestic.


13. In the poem ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’ the word ‘majesty’ means-
(i) royal power
(ii) impressive beauty
(iii) kingship
(iv) height.


14. Never did……………..more beautifully sleep.
(i) London
(ii) The Thames
(iii) Sun
(iv) The Earth.


15. The city wears the beauty of the morning like-
(i) a necklace
(ii) a temple
(iii) a garment
(iv) a tower.


16. This City now doth, like a garment, wear” – The word ‘garment’ refers to
(i) the city of London
(ii) the beauty of the morning
(ii) the fields
(iv) the ships and buildings.


17. The city of London has been compared to-
(i) a peaceful cathedral
(ii) a quiet village
(iii) a mighty heart
(iv) a sleeping beauty.


18. The beauty of the morning seemed
(i) silent
(ii) lonely.
(iii) smoky
(iv) soundless.

19. The poet was crossing the Westminster Bridge-
(i) in the afternoon
(ii) in the morning
(iii) in the evening
(iv) at night.


20. All the man-made structures are open
(i) under the sky
(ii) in polluted air
(iii) in the field
(iv) unto the fields and to the sky.


21. In the poem ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’ London’s view is –
(1) hazy
(ii) foggy
(iii) clear
(iv) cloudy.


22. In the Early morning the air of London is-
(i) foggy
(ii) full of smoke
(iii) polluted
(iv) smokeless.


23. In the poem Upon Westminster Bridge’ everything looks ‘bright and glittering’ because of the-
(i) rain
(ii) fog
(iii) smokeless air
(iv) scorching heat of the sun.


24. According to Wordsworth the sun steeped……….
(i) ships, towers and domes
(ii) river, bridge and temple
(iii) valley, rock and hill
(iv) sea, river and houses.


25. “Open unto the fields, and to the sky”-Here the poet refers to-
(i) the countryside
(ii) a city
(iii) the earth
(iv) human soul.


26. The poet is particularly impressed by the
(i) calm and quiet atmosphere
(ii) first splendour of the sun
(iii) rock
(iv) smokeless air.


27. What is the feeling that the poet experiences that he has never experienced before?
(i) the feeling of calm.
(ii) the feeling of ecstasy.
(iii) the feeling of joy.
(iv) the feeling of wonder.


28. The river glideth at its-
(i) free will
(ii) own sweet will
(iii) flow
(iv) fresh will.


29. The river glideth at his own sweet will”. The expression “at his own sweet will” means
(i) forcefully
(ii) hurriedly
(iii) in a leisurely way
(iv) in a way.


30 “The river glideth….” The river here refers to-
(i) the Ganga
(ii) the Thames
(iii) the Volga
(iv) the Nile.


31. The river Thames flows –
(i) smoothly
(ii) noisily
(iii) swiftly
(iv) violently.


32. How does the poet refer to the sun and the river?
(i) as phenomena
(ii) as element of nature
(iii) as gods
(iv) as animate beings.


33. The houses of the city-
(i) look smaller
(ii) seem asleep
(iii) look like heart
(iv) look gigantic.


34. The poet salutes / prays for the beauty to
(i) heaven
(ii) dear God
(iii) his parents
(iv) his master.


35. “Dear God!” -This is an exclamation of
(i) fear
(ii) wonder
(iii)anger
(iv) depression.


36. The noisy city of London in this poem is described as
(i) a mighty heart
(ii) a dirty city
(iii) a heart
(iv) a city that hurts.


36. What, according to the poet, do the houses seem to be doing?
(i) sleeping
(ii) singing
(iii)dancing
(iv) brooding.


37. ‘The mighty heart’ refers to-
(i) god
(ii) the river
(iii) the field and the sky
(iv) the city of London.


38. In the above poem the poet expresses that he had never experienced before such a-
(i) feeling of joy
(ii) feeling of awe
(iii) calm feeling
(iv) feeling of ecstasy.


39. What is the object of the poet’s celebration?
(i) Nature
(ii) Earth
(iii) London
(iv) Britain.



40. The ships and buildings are open to the-
(i) fields of London and to the sky
(ii) valley rock or hill
(iii) the sun
(iv) bank of river Thames.


41. The poet enhances London by using-
(i) details in architecture
(ii) references to royalty
(iii) highlights of the city
(iv) superlatives.


42. The mood in the poem is-
(1) tragic
(ii) comic
(iii) nostalgic
(iv) tranquil.


43. The poem is a description of-
(i) the city of London
(ii) the English countryside
(iii) the open sky and stars
(iv) God.


44. Identify the simile-
(i) Earth has nothing to show that is fairer.
(ii) The air is bright and glittering.
(iii) The city wears the beauty of the morning like a garment.
(iv) The sun steeps the city in its splendour.


45. How does the poet refer to the sun and the river?
(i) as elements of Nature
(ii) as phenomena
(iii) as animate beings
(iv) as gods.


46. What feature of Romantic poetry do we see here?
(i) celebration of Nature
(ii) celebration of city as natural landscape
(iii) celebration of man
(iv) celebration of the homeland.


47. Where is the Westminster Bridge situated-
(i) over the river Thames
(ii) over the river Ganges
(iii) the river Nile
(iv) none of these.




Tuesday, April 15, 2025

Important MCQ of 'The Night Train at Deoli' by Ruskin Bond



1. Where did the narrator spend their summer vacations during college?

o a) Dehra

o b) Delhi

o c) Goa

o d) Mumbai

Answer: a) Dehra

2. When did the narrator leave the plains to go to Dehra?

o a) June

o b) May

o c) March

o d) April

Answer: b) May

3. How far was Deoli from Dehra?

o a) 20 miles

o b) 50 miles

o c) 30 miles

o d) 40 miles

Answer: c) 30 miles

4. What time did the train reach Dehra?

o a) 6 AM

o b) 5 AM

o c) 4 AM

o d) 7 AM

Answer: b) 5 AM

5. How many platforms did Deoli station have?

o a) Two

o b) One

o c) Three

o d) Four

Answer: b) One

6. What could be found on the platform at Deoli?

o a) A bakery

o b) A tea stall

o c) A hospital

o d) A bookstore

Answer: b) A tea stall

7. What was unusual about the train's stop at Deoli?

o a) It stopped for 10 minutes

o b) It stopped for 1 hour

o c) It stopped for 2 minutes

o d) It did not stop

Answer: a) It stopped for 10 minutes

8. Who got off the train at Deoli?

o a) The narrator

o b) The narrator's friend

o c) Nobody

o d) The station master

Answer: c) Nobody

9. What did the narrator think about Deoli?

o a) It was a busy place

o b) It was a lovely city

o c) It was a lonely place

o d) It was full of tourists

Answer: c) It was a lonely place

10. What was the narrator's plan regarding Deoli?

o a) To never return

o b) To spend a day there

o c) To move to Deoli

o d) To bring friends

Answer: b) To spend a day there

11. What did the girl sell at Deoli station?

o a) Fruits

o b) Baskets

o c) Books

o d) Toys

Answer: b) Baskets

12. How did the girl dress when she appeared at Deoli station?

o a) In a fancy dress

o b) In old clothes and a shawl

o c) In a school uniform

o d) In a wedding dress

Answer: b) In old clothes and a shawl

13. What was the condition of the girl’s feet?

o a) She wore shoes

o b) Her feet were bare

o c) She had sandals

o d) She wore boots

Answer: b) Her feet were bare

14. How did the narrator feel when he saw the girl?

o a) He felt annoyed

o b) He felt a sense of responsibility and tenderness

o c) He felt indifferent

o d) He was angry

Answer: b) He felt a sense of responsibility and tenderness

15. What did the narrator do when he saw the girl?

o a) He ignored her

o b) He waved at her

o c) He asked her for tea

o d) He bought a basket

Answer: d) He bought a basket

16. What was the girl's reaction when the narrator bought the basket?

o a) She was upset

o b) She smiled and seemed pleased

o c) She ignored him

o d) She ran away

Answer: b) She smiled and seemed pleased

17. Where did the narrator go after buying the basket?

o a) To the station master's office

o b) To the tea stall

o c) To the waiting room

o d) To the restroom

Answer: b) To the tea stall

18. What did the guard do as the train was about to leave?

o a) He called out to the passengers

o b) He blew his whistle

o c) He waved goodbye

o d) He checked the tickets

Answer: b) He blew his whistle

19. What did the narrator do as the train left Deoli?

o a) He stayed in his seat

o b) He watched the girl standing alone

o c) He immediately fell asleep

o d) He left the train

Answer: b) He watched the girl standing alone

20. What was the narrator's feeling as he left Deoli?

o a) Happy

o b) Excited

o c) Sad and thoughtful

o d) Angry

Answer: c) Sad and thoughtful

21. How often did the narrator visit Deoli after the summer?

o a) Every year

o b) Once more

o c) Never again

o d) Twice

Answer: b) Once more

22. What did the narrator wish he had done when the train was about to leave Deoli?

o a) Bought more baskets

o b) Said goodbye to the girl

o c) Stayed longer

o d) Taken a photo

Answer: b) Said goodbye to the girl

23. Why did the narrator feel as if he had missed something?

o a) He didn’t buy enough baskets

o b) He left without saying goodbye to the girl

o c) He didn’t explore Deoli more

o d) He forgot his wallet

Answer: b) He left without saying goodbye to the girl

24. What was the main emotion the narrator experienced during his visits to Deoli?

o a) Regret

o b) Excitement

o c) Fear

o d) Joy

Answer: a) Regret

25. How did the narrator describe the girl at Deoli station?

o a) As a tourist

o b) As an elegant woman

o c) As a poor, bare-footed girl

o d) As a station worker

Answer: c) As a poor, bare-footed girl

26. Where did the narrator spend most of his time during the summer?

o a) At the station

o b) In Dehra

o c) On the train

o d) At the tea stall

Answer: b) In Dehra

27. What did the narrator think about the station at Deoli?

o a) It was charming

o b) It was too crowded

o c) It was bustling

o d) It was dull and desolate

Answer: d) It was dull and desolate

28. How did the narrator describe his feelings after leaving Deoli?

o a) He felt excited about his future

o b) He felt a sense of loss and longing

o c) He felt relieved

o d) He felt guilty

Answer: b) He felt a sense of loss and longing

29. How long did the narrator stay at Dehra before going to Deoli?

o a) Several months

o b) A week

o c) A few days

o d) A few hours

Answer: c) A few days

30. How did the girl act when the narrator bought the basket?

o a) She seemed indifferent

o b) She appeared happy

o c) She seemed angry

o d) She didn’t notice him

Answer: b) She appeared happy

31. What was the narrator's main purpose for traveling to Dehra?

o a) To visit friends

o b) To work

o c) To take a break from his studies

o d) To explore new places

Answer: c) To take a break from his studies

32. What did the narrator feel when he looked at the girl at Deoli station?

o a) Sympathy and tenderness

o b) Disgust

o c) Fear and unease

o d) Happiness

Answer: a) Sympathy and tenderness

33. Why didn’t the narrator get off at Deoli station?

o a) He didn’t feel like exploring

o b) He was unsure of what to do

o c) He was afraid of missing his train

o d) He was tired and wanted to sleep

Answer: b) He was unsure of what to do

34. What was the narrator's attitude towards Deoli after the first visit?

o a) He was eager to return

o b) He felt indifferent

o c) He felt deep sadness and nostalgia

o d) He disliked the place

Answer: c) He felt deep sadness and nostalgia

35. How did the girl seem when she was at the station selling baskets?

o a) Angry and upset

o b) Lonely but hopeful

o c) Busy and focused

o d) Excited and energetic

Answer: b) Lonely but hopeful

36. What did the narrator remember about his visit to Deoli years later?

o a) The girl’s smile and his missed opportunity

o b) The crowded station

o c) The journey to Dehra

o d) The food at the tea stall

Answer: a) The girl’s smile and his missed opportunity

37. How did the narrator feel after seeing the girl’s bare feet?

o a) He felt ashamed

o b) He felt sympathy and tenderness

o c) He felt disgusted

o d) He felt angry

Answer: b) He felt sympathy and tenderness

38. What did the narrator wish he could have done when leaving Deoli?

o a) Bought more baskets

o b) Spent more time with the girl

o c) Taken a photograph

o d) Stayed longer at the tea stall

Answer: b) Spent more time with the girl

39. What did the girl look like when she left the station?

o a) She was walking alone

o b) She was smiling broadly

o c) She was talking to someone

o d) She was waiting for the next train

Answer: a) She was walking alone

40. What feeling did the narrator experience when the train moved away from Deoli?

o a) Guilt

o b) Relief

o c) Deep longing

o d) Excitement

Answer: c) Deep longing

41. What did the narrator think about the girl’s life at Deoli?

• a) She had a carefree life

• b) She seemed to be living a hard life

• c) She was wealthy

• d) She lived in a big house

Answer: b) She seemed to be living a hard life

42. What did the narrator think about his chance encounter with the girl?

• a) He thought it was a sign of destiny

• b) He felt it was a wasted opportunity

• c) He was indifferent to it

• d) He was angry about it

Answer: b) He felt it was a wasted opportunity

43. What did the narrator feel when he was leaving Deoli for the second time?

• a) He was excited for the next adventure

• b) He had a feeling of deep regret

• c) He felt relieved to leave

• d) He felt happy and fulfilled

Answer: b) He had a feeling of deep regret

44. What was the girl's appearance a reflection of?

• a) She was a tourist from a rich family

• b) She lived a life of simplicity and hardship

• c) She was fashionable

• d) She had an extravagant lifestyle

Answer: b) She lived a life of simplicity and hardship

45. What did the narrator feel when the train started to move away from Deoli?

• a) He was excited to leave

• b) He felt a sense of sadness and nostalgia

• c) He felt indifferent

• d) He was happy to be leaving

Answer: b) He felt a sense of sadness and nostalgia

46. What did the narrator wish he had done during his visit to Deoli?

• a) Stayed longer

• b) Talked to the girl more

• c) Bought more baskets

• d) Left earlier

Answer: b) Talked to the girl more

47. How did the narrator view Deoli in terms of its significance in his life?

• a) A fleeting and unimportant place

• b) A memorable and reflective moment in time

• c) A fun place he often visited

• d) A place of great adventure

Answer: b) A memorable and reflective moment in time

48. What did the narrator regret not doing while at Deoli?

• a) Visiting the tea stall

• b) Talking to the girl before the train left

• c) Sleeping on the platform

• d) Taking a photograph

Answer: b) Talking to the girl before the train left

49. What did the narrator’s encounter with the girl represent for him?

• a) A brief moment of happiness

• b) A missed opportunity and unspoken connection

• c) A moment of excitement

• d) A financial transaction

Answer: b) A missed opportunity and unspoken connection

50. How did the narrator react to the girl’s gaze when the train started to leave?

• a) He waved goodbye

• b) He ignored her

• c) He felt guilty for not speaking to her

• d) He smiled at her

Answer: c) He felt guilty for not speaking to her

51. What emotion dominated the narrator’s thoughts as he left Deoli?

• a) Regret

• b) Excitement

• c) Anger

• d) Happiness

Answer: a) Regret

52. What did the narrator notice about the girl’s life?

• a) She seemed to live a carefree life

• b) She lived in a well-off family

• c) She lived a simple and possibly difficult life

• d) She had many friends

Answer: c) She lived a simple and possibly difficult life

53. What did the narrator find appealing about the girl at Deoli?

• a) Her wealth

• b) Her beauty

• c) Her simplicity and the way she lived

• d) Her ability to speak multiple languages

Answer: c) Her simplicity and the way she lived

54. What did the narrator notice about the train station at Deoli?

• a) It was crowded and noisy

• b) It had a modern design

• c) It was quiet and desolate

• d) It had many vendors

Answer: c) It was quiet and desolate

55. What did the narrator think when the girl smiled at him?

• a) He felt awkward and shy

• b) He felt a sudden connection

• c) He thought it was a meaningless gesture

• d) He ignored her smile

Answer: b) He felt a sudden connection

56. Why did the narrator feel regret when he left Deoli?

• a) He didn't buy a basket

• b) He didn't talk to the girl more

• c) He missed his train

• d) He didn’t get enough sleep

Answer: b) He didn’t talk to the girl more

57. How did the narrator feel about the girl’s life situation?

• a) He felt sorry for her

• b) He admired her

• c) He felt nothing

• d) He envied her

Answer: a) He felt sorry for her

58. What did the narrator miss most about Deoli years later?

• a) The tea stall

• b) The girl he saw at the station

• c) The bustling atmosphere

• d) The quietness of the platform

Answer: b) The girl he saw at the station

59. What did the narrator want to do the second time he visited Deoli?

• a) Spend more time with the girl

• b) Go to the tea stall

• c) Leave quickly

• d) Explore the town

Answer: a) Spend more time with the girl

60. What did the narrator feel about the passing of time and the girl at Deoli?

• a) He was indifferent to it

• b) He was sad and nostalgic

• c) He was relieved

• d) He forgot about it

Answer: b) He was sad and nostalgic

61. How did the narrator feel about the fact that the girl never spoke to him?

• a) It didn’t matter to him

• b) He felt disappointed and confused

• c) He felt satisfied with the encounter

• d) He felt relieved

Answer: b) He felt disappointed and confused

62. What was the main reason the narrator couldn’t speak to the girl?

• a) He was busy with something else

• b) He didn’t know what to say

• c) He didn’t have enough time

• d) He was shy and hesitant

Answer: d) He was shy and hesitant

63. What did the narrator realize about the encounter with the girl at Deoli years later?

• a) It was just a chance meeting

• b) It had a lasting emotional impact on him

• c) It was insignificant

• d) He had moved on from it

Answer: b) It had a lasting emotional impact on him

64. What was the narrator’s emotional state when he thought back on his visit to Deoli?

• a) Happy and satisfied

• b) Angry and resentful

• c) Deeply regretful and melancholic

• d) Indifferent

Answer: c) Deeply regretful and melancholic

65. What does the narrator feel he missed by not speaking to the girl?

• a) The chance to buy more baskets

• b) A deeper connection and understanding

• c) A chance to learn about Deoli

• d) A chance to take a photograph

Answer: b) A deeper connection and understanding

66. What did the girl symbolize for the narrator?

• a) A fleeting distraction

• b) The simplicity of life and lost opportunities

• c) The excitement of travel

• d) The carefree nature of youth

Answer: b) The simplicity of life and lost opportunities

67. What did the narrator wish he had done after buying the basket from the girl?

• a) Bought all her baskets

• b) Spoken to her and spent time with her

• c) Stayed at Deoli for longer

• d) Taken a photograph of the station

Answer: b) Spoken to her and spent time with her

68. What does the narrator associate with the girl at Deoli?

• a) Joy and excitement

• b) Disappointment and regret

• c) Wealth and luxury

• d) The peacefulness of the station

Answer: b) Disappointment and regret

69. What was the narrator’s emotional state after the girl disappeared from the station?

• a) Relieved and happy

• b) Sad and reflective

• c) Angry

• d) Indifferent

Answer: b) Sad and reflective

70. How does the narrator describe his life after the encounter at Deoli?

• a) He quickly forgot about it

• b) He moved on with no lasting effect

• c) He kept thinking about the girl and the missed chance

• d) He felt indifferent

Answer: c) He kept thinking about the girl and the missed chance


Tuesday, April 8, 2025

‘Strong Roots’ by APJ Abdul Kalam – Questions and Answers(M.C.Q.), Class 12, WBCHSE

1. The name of APJ Abdul Kalam’s autobiography is –

A) Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra B) Wings of Fire C) Malgudi Days D) Drishti Au Shrishti

Ans. B) Wings of Fire

2. Strong Roots’ is taken from APJ Abdul Kalam’s –

A) Ignited Minds B) Wings of Fire c) My Journey d) Indomitable Spirit

Ans. B) Wings of Fire

3. APJ Abdul Kalam was the – 

A) Prime Minister of India B) President of India C) Chief Minister D) Judge of  Supreme Court

Ans. B) President of India

4. APJ Abdul Kalam was born into a ­­______________  family. –

A) middle-class Tamil B) lower middle-class Tamil C) upper-class Tamil D) none of these

Ans. A) middle-class Tamil

5. APJ Abdul Kalam’s birth place was in the island town of –

A) Goa B) Andaman C) Rameswaram D) Puri

Ans. C) Rameswaram

6. APJ Abdul Kalam’s father had –

A) much formal education B) much formal education and wealth C) neither much formal education nor much wealth D) none of these

Ans. C) neither much formal education nor much wealth

7. Who possessed great innate wisdom and true generosity of spirit 

A) Ashiamma B) Kalam C) Jainulabdeen D) Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry

Ans. C) Jainulabdeen

8. APJ Abdul Kalam’s father found an ideal helpmate in –

A) Ashiamma B) Jalaludeen C) Abdul Kalam D) Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry

Ans. A) Ashiamma

9. Kalam was quite sure that her mother fed –

A) many beggars B) many outsiders C) all her family members D) all of these

Ans. B) many outsiders

10. One of the forebears of Kalam’s mother was awarded by the British the title of –

A) Bahadur   B) Raibahadur  C) Padmashree    D) Bharat Ratna  [H.S. = 2015]

Ans. A) Bahadur  

11. Kalam had –

A) charming looks B) undistinguished looks C) ugly looks D) pretty looks

Ans. B) undistinguished looks

12. According to APJ Abdul Kalam, his parents were –

A) tall B) handsome C) tall and handsome D) short but handsome

Ans. C) tall and handsome

13. Kalam and his brothers and sisters lived in their –

A) ancestral house B) rented house C) hut D) Cottage

Ans. A) ancestral house

14. The ancestral house of APJ Abdul Kalam was a fairly large pucca house which was made of –

A) cement and brick B) limestone and brick C) clay and brick D) sand and brick

Ans. B) limestone and brick

15. Kalam’s father led a –

A) very simple life b) very  indisciplined life  c) luxurious life d) moderate life

Ans. A) very simple life

16. APJ Abdul Kalam’s father used to avoid all _____________ comforts and luxuries. –

 A)essential B) inessential C) avoidable D) unavoidable

Ans. B) inessential

17. Abdul Kalam’s ancestral house was built in –

A) mid 19th century  B) late 19th century  C) early 20th century  D)early 19th century  [H.S. = 2017 & 2022]

Ans. A) mid-19th century.

18. In his childhood Kalam was provided with all necessary –

A) food, medicine and clothes B) money C) support for games and sports D) all of the above

Ans. A) food, medicine and clothes

19. Kalam accepted that he had a very _________ childhood. – 

A) insecure B) uncertain C) painful D) secure

Ans. D) secure

20. Kalam usually ate with his –  

A) father B) mother C) outsiders D) family members

Ans. B) mother

21. _______________ made Rameswaram famous to pilgrims –

A) the Krishna Temple B) the Shiva Temple C) the Tirupati Temple D) the Kali Temple

Ans. B) the Shiva Temple

22. The Shiva Temple was about  _________ minutes walk from Kalam’s house. –

A) a ten B) a five C) a twenty D) a fifteen

Ans.  A) a ten

23. Kalam’s locality was predominantly –

A) Hindu B) Buddhist C) Jain D) Muslim

Ans. D) Muslim

24. Kalam’s father would take him to the mosque for –

A) pre-dawn prayer  B) evening prayer  C) mid-day prayer  D) afternoon prayer   [H.S. = 2016]

Ans. B) evening prayer. 

25. Kalam’s father went to a very old mosque every evening –

A) alone B) with his wife C) with his friends D) with his son, Kalam [H.S. = 2016]

Ans. D) with his son, Kalam

26. Kalam had no idea of the meaning of the prayer because –

A) it was difficult to understand B) it was chanted in Arabic C) it was not properly audible D) none of these

Ans. B) it was chanted in Arabic

27. What was Kalam convinced about the Arabic prayers?–

A) It reaches all people B) It is useless C) It reaches God D) It has no effect at all

Ans. C) It reaches God

28. When Kalam’s father came out of the mosque after the prayers, people of __________  community would be sitting outside to meet him.

A) Muslim B) his friends C) different D) his relatives

Ans. C) different

29. When Kalam’s father came out of the mosque, he saw people –

A) asking him for alms B) offering him the bowls of water C) asking him for help D) offering him money

Ans. B) offering him the bowls of water

30. The holy water sanctified by his father was carried for –

A) drink B) worship C) invalids D) none of these

Ans. C) invalids 

31. Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry was the –

A) councillor of the town B) headmaster of Rameswaram School C) high priest of the Shiva temple D) none of these

Ans.  C) high priest of the Shiva temple

32. Kalam remembered his father discussing with Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry about –

A) politics B) the riots C) sports  D) spiritual matters

Ans. D) spiritual matters

33. According to Kalam’s father, when we pray we transcend our body and become a part of –

A) the earth B) the cosmos C) the god  D) the world

Ans. B) the cosmos

34. According to Kalam’s father, __________ knows no division of wealth, age, caste or creed. –

A) the earth B) the cosmos C) the god  D) the world

Ans. B) the cosmos

35. Abdul Kalam’s father would convey complex spiritual concepts in simple down-to-earth –

A) Arabic  B) Urdu  C) Tamil D) Telegu [H.S. = 2019 & 2022]

Ans. C) Tamil.

36. According to Kalam’s father, adversity always presents opportunities for –

A) inspection B) introduction C) introspection D) retrospection

Ans. C) introspection

37. Kalam’s father believed that man looked for a company –

A) when he was happy B) when he was lonely C) when he was afraid D) when he was cheerful

Ans. B) when he was lonely

38. The words of Abdul Kalam’s father filled him with strange energy and –

A) relief  B) enthusiasm  C) perseverance   D) determination [H.S. =2020]

Ans. B) enthusiasm.

39. According to Kalam’s father, whenever people reach an impasse, they –

A) become frustrated B) look for someone to help them C) surrender themselves to God D) try to understand the relevance of it

Ans. B) look for someone to help them

40. Kalam remembers his father starting his day at ____ am.

A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5

Ans. C) 4

41. Kalam remembers his father starting his day –  

A) with namaz after dawn B) with namaz before dawn C) with morning walk D) with meditation

Ans. B) with namaz before dawn

42. The coconut grove where Abdul Kalam’s father used to walk down every morning was about –

A) One and a half miles  B) Three miles  C) Four miles  D) Four and a half miles   [H.S. = 2018]

Ans. C) Four miles.

44. Kalam’s father would go to their coconut grove and return with about –

A) a dozen coconuts B)  8 coconuts C) 10 coconuts D) 14 coconuts

Ans.  A) a dozen coconuts

45. Kalam’s father would maintain his routine- bound life upto –

A) sixties B) late sixties C) seventies D) late seventies

Ans. B) late sixties

46. Kalam tried to emulate his father in his own world of –

A) politics B)science and technology C) social service D) medical science

Ans. B)science and technology

47. Kalam had deep faith in the existence of a  –

A) supernatural power B) divine power C) devilish power  D) his father’s rituals

Ans. B) a divine power

48. According to Kalam an individual can attain freedom, happiness and peace of mind by –

A) reading the daily namaz B) severing his mental and physical bonds C) avoiding all luxuries of life D) following a routine-bound life

Ans. B) severing his mental and physical bonds

49. Abdul Kalam describes his parents as being –

A) wealthy, educated and generous B) highly educated but not wealthy C) very poor and illiterate D) neither wealthy nor highly educated but kind, wise and large-hearted  [WBCHSE model question]

Ans. D) neither wealthy nor highly educated but kind, wise and large-hearted 

50. We know that Kalam’s father was acknowledged as a spiritual person because –

A) he was very knowledgeable about spiritual matters B) he worked at the local mosque C) he read the namaz before dawn D) the priest of the Rameswaram temple had discussions with him[WBCHSE model question]

Ans. A) he was very knowledgeable about spiritual matters

51. Kalam is also spiritual because –

A) he visits the mosque every day B) he tries to follow in his father’s footsteps C) he believes in the power of the divine D) he believes that an individual has to sever all ties to be happy [WBCHSE model question]

Ans. D) he believes that an individual has to sever all ties to be happy

52. Kalam’s father believed that for people in distress, he was –

A) mere mediator B) greater than God C) solver of problems D)a helpless onlooker of their difficulties [WBCHSE model question]

Ans. A) mere mediator

53. How does APJ Abdul Kalam sum up his childhood in Rameswaram? –

A) a time when he moved from rags to riches B) a period of extreme comfort and affluence C) a time of want and deprivation D) a very secure time, materially and emotionally [WBCHSE model question]

Ans. D) a very secure time, materially and emotionally

54. How does Kalam describe his neighbourhood? –

A) a predominantly Muslim locality close to the famous Shiva temple where Hindu families lived amicably with their Muslim neighbours B) a predominantly Hindu locality near the Shiva temple, fraught with tension between the Muslim and Hindu communities C) a predominantly Christian locality where the Muslim population was thinly spread  D) a cosmopolitan urban neighbourhood with people of all castes, creeds and communities sharing a high-rise apartment near the Shiva temple [WBCHSE model question]

Ans. A) a predominantly Muslim locality close to the famous Shiva temple where Hindu families lived amicably with their Muslim neighbours

55. Why was Kalam’s father well-known in their locality? –  

A) He was a successful doctor B) He was a respected teacher C) He was a healer who prayed for the well-being of his fellowmen D) He was a wealthy moneylender [WBCHSE model question]

Ans. C) He was a healer who prayed for the well-being of his fellowmen        


                       2ND PART


  1. APJ Abdul Kalam’s autobiography is
  • (a) Fire of Wings
  • (b) “Wings of Fire”
  • (c) Thank You Ma’am
  • (d) My Experiment with Truth

2. By ‘ Strong Roots ‘ APJ Abdul Kalam means

  • (a) his Indianness
  • (b) his religious identity
  • (c) his family background
  • (d) his passion for science.

3. APJ Abdul Kalam is widely known as a great

  • (a) president
  • (b) politician
  • (c) businessman
  • (d) scientist

4. APJ Abdul Kalam was a boy of

  • (a) Tamil family
  • (b) Bengalee family
  • (c) Telugu family
  • (d) Marathi family

5. The family of Kalam was

  • (a) rich
  • (b) poor
  • (c) middle-class
  • (d) upper middle-class

6. Kalam lived in a

  • (a) village
  • (b) town
  • (c) midile-class
  • (d) upper middle-class

7. Kalam’s father was

  • (a) wise and generous
  • (b) generous but not wise
  • (C) wise but not generous.
  • (d) neither wise nor generous

8. Everyday Kalam’s mother fed

  • (a) many beggars
  • (b) only her children
  • (c) many outsiders
  • (d) all her family members

9. One of the ancestors of Kalam’s mother was given the title of

  • (a) Lord
  • (b) Sir 
  • (c) Bahadur
  • (d) Knight.

10. Kalam had

  • (a) charming looks
  • (b) undistinguished looks
  • (c) pretty looks
  • (d) ugly looks.

11. Kalam’s ancestral house was built in the

  • (a)17th century
  • (b) 19th century
  • (c) 18th century
  • (d) 16th century

12. Kalam’s father led a/an

  • (a) very simple life
  • (b) indisciplined life
  • (c) luxurious life
  • (d) bohemian life

13. In his childhood Kalam was provided with sufficient

  • (a) food, medicine and clothes
  • (b) money
  • (c) support for games and sports
  • (d) all of the above

14. The childhood APJ Abdul Kalam summed up in Rameswaram was

  • (a) a time when he moved from rags to riches
  • (b) a period of extreme comfort and affluence
  • (c) a time of want and deprivation
  • (d) a very secure time, materially and emotionally

15. Kalam usually ate with his

  • (a) father
  • (b) mother
  • (c) servant
  • (d) family friends.

16. Kalam describes his neighbourhood as

  • (a) a predominantly Muslim locality close to the famous Shiva temple where Hindu families lived amicably with their Muslim neighbours.
  • (b) a predominantly Hindu locality near the Shiva temple, fraught with tension between the Muslim and Hindu communities
  • (c) a predominantly Christian locality where the Muslim population was thinly spread
  • (d) a cosmopolitan urban neighbourhood with people of all castes, creeds and communities sharing a high-rise apartment near the Shiva temple.

17. Many people came to Rameswaram to visit

  • (a) the Krishna Temple
  • (b) the Shiva Temple
  • (c) the Tirupati Temple
  • (d) the Kali Temple

18. Kalam’s locality was predominantly

  • (a) Hindu
  • (b) Buddhist
  • (c) Jain
  • (d) Muslim

19. Kalam’s father went to a very old mosque every evening

  • (a) alone
  • (b) with his wife
  • (c) with his friends
  • (d) with his son, Kalam

20. Kalam had not the faintest idea of the meaning of the prayer because

  • (a) it was not clearly audible
  • (b) it was sung in Arabic
  • (c) it was very complicated
  • (d) it was too philosophical

21. Kalam’s father was believed to have the powers of

  • (a) reasoning
  • (b) divinity
  • (c) controlling the destiny
  • (d) controlling the future action of his life

22. When Kalam’s father came out of the mosque after uttering prayers he saw people

  • (a) asking him for alms
  • (b) offering him the bowls of water
  • (c) shouting and quarrelling
  • (d) singing song

23. Water touched and made holy with a prayer was carried by people for

  • (a) drink
  • (b) worship
  • (c) the cure of the invalids
  • (d) sale

24. Kalam’s father was well known in their locality for

  • (a) he was a successful doctor
  • (b) he was a respected teacher
  • (c) he was a healer who prayed for the well-being of his fellowmen
  • (d) he was a wealthy moneylender

25. Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry was the

  • (a) councillor of the town
  • (b) headmaster of Rameswaram School
  • (c) high priest of the Shiva temple
  • (d) town planner of Rameswaram

26. Kalam remembered his father discussing with Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry about

  • (a) their children’s future
  • (b) the religious disharmony in the town
  • (c) their lands and properties
  • (d) spiritual issues

27. nice Kalam asked his father a question The question was related to

  • (a) his father’s austerity
  • (b) the relevance of prayer
  • (c) the existence of God
  • (d) the mystery of life

28. Kalam’s father would explain profound spiritual theories in

  • (a) English
  • (b) his own vernacular
  • (c) any language
  • (d) simple, down-to-earth Arabic

29. Kalam’s father regarded adversity

  • (a) a hindrance in the way to success  
  • (b) a chance for introspection
  • (c) a reward for happiness
  • (d) a man-made affair

30 Kalam’s father believed that man looked for a company

  • (a) when he was happy
  • (b) when he was lonely
  • (c) when he was afraid
  • (d) when he was cheerful

31. Abdul Kalam describes his parents as being

  • (a) wealthy, educated and generous
  • (b) highly educated but not wealthy
  • (c) very poor and illiterate
  • (d) neither wealthy nor highly educated but kind, wise and large-hearted

32. We know that Kalam’s father was acknowledged as a spiritual person because

  • (a) he was very knowledgeable about spiritual matters
  • (b) he worked at the local mosque
  • (c) he read the namaz before dawn
  • (d) the priest of the Rameswaram temple had discussions with him

33. Kalam’s father believed that for people in distress, he was

  • (a) a mere mediator
  • (b) greater than God
  • (c) a solver of problems
  • (d) a helpless onlooker of their difficulties

34. Kalam remembers his father starting his day

  • (a) with breakfast
  • (b) with namaz
  • (c) with morning walk
  • (d) with meditation

35. Everyday Kalam’s father would take a stroll of

  • (a) two miles
  • (b) four miles
  • (c) three miles
  • (d) five miles

36. Kalam’s father would go to their coconut grove wherefrom he would pick up

  • (a) about a dozen coconuts
  • (b) about 8 coconuts
  • (c) 10 coconuts
  • (d) 14 coconuts

37. Kalam tried to emulate his father in his own world of

  • (a) politics
  • (b) social service
  • (c) science and technology
  • (d) medical science

38. Kalam was indebted to his father because he

  • (a) provided him with a secure childhood
  • (b) explained to him the relevance of prayer
  • (c) would take him to the mosque every day
  • (d) revealed to him the fundamental truths

39. Kalam had deep faith in

  • (a) his religion
  • (b) the existence of a divine power
  • (c) the usefulness of morning walk
  • (d) his father’s rituals

40. According to Kalam, there is a divine power that

  • (a) shapes our destiny
  • (b) lifts us from our sufferings
  • (c) inspires us to fight the odds of life
  • (d) all the above answers

41. Kalam supports

  • (a) religious rituals
  • (b) physical bond
  • (c) emotional bond
  • (d) spirituality

42. According to Kalam, an individual can attain freedom, happiness and peace of mind by

  • (a) reading the daily namaz
  • (b) severing his mental and physical bonds
  • (c) avoiding all luxuries of life
  • (d) following a routine-bound life

43. Kalam is also spiritual because

  • (a) he visits the mosque every day
  • (b) he tries to follow in his father’s footsteps
  • (c) he believes in the power of the divine
  • (d) he believes that an individual has to sever all ties to be happy

Sunday, January 12, 2025

My Last Duchess by Robert Browning || Translated by Minhajuddin Mondal ||

My Last Duchess
ROBERT BROWNING, 1812 – 1889

                   FERRARA

That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall,
Looking as if she were alive. I call
That piece a wonder, now: Fra Pandolf’s hands
Worked busily a day, and there she stands.
Will ‘t please you sit and look at her?

ওটা আমার শেষ ডাচেস (স্ত্রী) দেয়ালে আঁকা
দেখে মনে হচ্ছে যেন সে জীবন্ত। আমি মনে করি
ওই শিল্পকর্মটি এক বিস্ময়, জানেন, ফ্রাঁ প্যানডল্ফ সারাদিন
 ব্যস্ততার সহিত কাজ করেছিল, এবং ওখানে সে (ডাচেস)
 দাঁড়িয়ে। আপনি কি দয়া করে বসে একটু ওর দিকে তাকাবেন?


I said
“Fra Pandolf” by design, for never read
Strangers like you that pictured countenance,
The depth and passion of its earnest glance,
But to myself they turned (since none puts by
The curtain I have drawn for you, but I)

আমি ইচ্ছে করেই ফ্রাঁ প্যানডল্ফ, এর কথা পাড়লাম, কারণ,
 কখনও কোনো অচেনা (অখ্যাত), আপনার মতো, ডাচেসের
 মুখের ছবি তার গভীর দৃষ্টিতে সংরক্ত আবেগের আভা
অনুভব করতে পারত না। আর তার আসল অর্থ কী জানতে
 আমারই শরণাপন্ন হবে, (যেহেতু আমি-ই পর্দাটা সরিয়ে ছবিটি
 দেখাই, যা আপনার ক্ষেত্রে করলাম)।


And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst,
How such a glance came there; so, not the first
Are you to turn and ask thus. Sir, ‘twas not
Her husband’s presence only, called that spot
Of joy into the Duchess’ cheek: perhaps Fra Pandolf
 Chanced to say, “Her mantle laps
Over my lady’s wrist too much,” or “Paint
Must never hope to reproduce the faint
Half-flush that dies along her throat:” Such stuff.
Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough
For calling up that spot of joy.

এবং মনে হয় যে তারা সাহস করে আমাকে জিজ্ঞাসা করল,
ওই খুশির রাঙা আভা ওখানে দেখা যায় কেন,
তাই আপনিই প্রথম নন, যে আমাকে এই প্রশ্ন করলেন,
তার স্বামীর উপস্থিতিতেই শুধুমাত্র ডাচেসের গালে
ওই লজ্জার আভা ফুটে ওঠেনি, হয়তো ফ্রাঁ প্যান্ডলফ
বলে ফেলেছিলেন তার পত্নীর পোশাকটা একটু বেশি
কবজি পর্যন্ত ঝুলে আছে, ‘বা’ রঙ-এর সাধ্য নেই
ওই হালকা আধো লজ্জার আভাটুকুকে যা তার গলা
পর্যন্ত গিয়ে শেষ হয়েছে তাকে ছবিতে ধরতে পারে’
এই রকম কথাবার্তা সে ভেবেছিল, সৌজন্য, আর তাই
যথেষ্ট সঙ্গত মনে করে/ওই আনন্দের রাঙা আভায় ভরিয়েছিল মুখ।


She had A heart-how shall I say? Too soon made glad,
 Too easily impressed; she liked whate’er
She looked on, and her looks went everywhere.
Sir, ‘twas all one! My favour at her breast,
The dropping of the daylight in the West,
The bough of cherries some officious fool
Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule
She rode with round the terrace-all and each
Would draw from her alike the approving speech,
Or blush, at least.

ওর একটা হৃদয় ছিল-আমি তা বলব কী করে?
সে হৃদয় সহজেই গলে যেত:
আর যা কিছুই সে দেখত তাই তার মনে ধরে যেত
আর তার দৃষ্টি সবখানে চলে যেত
মশাই, তার কাছে সবই ছিল এক-আমার আদর
পশ্চিমে সূর্যাস্ত, কোনো অত্যুৎসাহী বোকার, ফুলবাগান
থেকে একটা চেরি গাছের ডাল তার হাতে তুলে দেওয়া,
প্রাসাদের সামনে চত্বরে সাদা খচ্চরের পিঠে চেপে ঘোরা-
এইসব প্রতিটা জিনিসের জন্য সে প্রশংসায় গদগদ হত,
নয়তো কমপক্ষে একটি স্মিত হাসির রক্তিম আভা ছড়াত।


She thanked men, -good! But thanked
Somehow I know not how-as if she ranked
My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name
With anybody’s gift. Who’d stoop to blame
This sort of trifling? Even had you skill
In speech-(which I have not)- to make your will
Quite clear to such an one, and say, “Just this
Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss,
Or there exceed the mark”-and if she let
Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set
Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse-
E’en then would be some stooping; and I choose
Never to stoop.

সে লোকজনকে ধন্যবাদ দিত-ভালো। কিন্তু ধন্যবাদ
কোনোভাবে দিত কীভাবে তা আমি বলতে পারব না-আরে,
আমার নয়শো বছরের প্রাচীন পরিবারের উপহারের সাথে অন্যের
 এলেবেলে উপহার একাসনে বসাতে।
এই সব প্রগলভতার বিরুদ্ধে কার দায় পড়েছে যে নিচু হয়ে অভিযোগ জানাবে?
তোমার যদি বাকপটুতা থাকেও (যা আমার তো নেই) আর তোমার আপত্তি যদি ওইরকম একজনের কাছে পরিষ্কার করেও দাও,
এই বলে, “দেখ, তোমার এইটা বা ওইটায় আমি তিতিবিরক্ত আর যদি তোমার শিক্ষা গ্রহণও করে
যদিও পুরোপুরি মেনে না নিয়ে বাধ্য হয়ে মেনে নেয়,
কিংবা ধরো না মানার ওজর দেখায়- তাহলেও খানিকটা তো তোমায় হতেই হবে-তাই আমি ঠিক করেছিলাম কিচ্ছুটি বলব না।.


Oh, sir, she smiled, no doubt,
Whene’er I passed her; but who passed without
Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;
 Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands
As if alive.

ও, মশাই, সে হাসত, নিঃসন্দেহে,/আমার দিকে চেয়েও
আমি ওর পাশ দিয়ে যখনই যেতাম, তবে এমন কে ছিল
যে তার হাসি থেকে বঞ্চিত হত?/আমার ক্রোধ বেড়ে গেল,
হুকুম দিলাম, তারপর সব হাসি থেমে গেল। ওইখানে সে
আঁকা হয়ে আছে, মনে হচ্ছে জীবন্ত দাঁড়িয়ে।


Will’t please you rise? We’ll meet
The company below, then. I repeat,
The Count your master’s known munificence
Is ample warrant that no just pretence
Of mine for dowry will be disallowed;
Though his fair daughter’s self, as I avowed
At starting, is my object. Nay, we’ll go
Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,
Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,
Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!.

আপনি কি করে উঠবেন?
আমরা নীচে আরো সঙ্গীদের সাথে সাক্ষাৎ করব, আমি আরও একবার বলি
আপনার মালিক কাউন্টের বদান্যতা সুবিদিত
আর তাই আমাকে যৌতুক দেয়ার পক্ষে সেটা যথেষ্ট ভাবেই প্রমাণিত হবে
তবে তা তাঁর সুন্দরী কন্যার স্বার্থে,
যা আমি গোড়াতেই বলেছি, তাঁর কন্যাই আমার লক্ষ্য
চলুন, একসাথে নীচের তলায় যাই, মহাশয়
ওই নেপচুনটা দেখুন, সমুদ্র-অশ্ব শাসন করে বশ মানাচ্ছে
এটা একটা দুর্লভ ভাস্কর্য বলেই মনে করি
যেটা ইন্সব্রাকের ক্লস ব্রোঞ্জ দিয়ে আমার জন্য তৈরি করেছেন।